"峨眉山" redirects here. For the county-level city that Mount Emei is located in, see Emeishan City
| Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area * | |
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| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Type | Cultural and Natural (Mixed) |
| Criteria | iv, vi, x |
| Reference | 779 |
| Region ** | Asia-Pacific |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 1996 (20th Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List ** Region as classified by UNESCO |
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| Mount Emei | |
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| Emei Shan | |
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Mount Emei
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| Elevation | 3,099 m (10,167 ft) |
| Location | |
| Part of the series on Chinese martial arts |
| List of Chinese martial arts |
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| Terms |
| Historical places |
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| Famous modern actors |
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| Related |
Mount Emei (Chinese: 峨嵋山; pinyin: Éméi Shān; Wade–Giles: O2-mei2 Shan1, pronounced [ɤ̌měɪ̯ ʂán]) is a mountain in Sichuan province, China. Mount Emei is often written as 峨眉山 and occasionally 峩嵋山 or 峩眉山 but all three are translated as Mount Emei or Mount Emeishan: 峨嵋 means "lofty brow", but the mountain's name is merely a toponym that carries no additional meaning.
Orographically, Mt. Emei sits at the western rim of the Sichuan Basin. The mountains west of it are known as Daxiangling.[1] A large surrounding area of countryside is geologically known as the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province, a large igneous province generated by the Emeishan Traps volcanic eruptions during the Permian Period. At 3,099 metres (10,167 ft), Mt. Emei is the highest of the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China.[2]
Administratively, Mt. Emei (Emeishan) is located near the county-level city of the same name (Emeishan City), which is part of the prefecture-level city of Leshan.
Mt. Emei was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.[3]
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Mount Emei is one of the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China, and is traditionally regarded as the bodhimaṇḍa, or place of enlightenment, of the bodhisattva Samantabhadra. Samantabhadra is known in Mandarin as Pǔxián Púsà (普賢菩薩).
16th and 17th century sources allude to the practice of martial arts in the monasteries of Mount Emei[4] made the earliest extant reference to the Shaolin Monastery as Chinese boxing's place of origin.[5]
This is the location of the first Buddhist temple built in China in the 1st century CE.[3] The site has seventy-six Buddhist monasteries of the Ming and Qing period, most of them located near the mountain top. The monasteries demonstrate a flexible architectural style that adapts to the landscape. Some, such as the halls of Baoguosi, are built on terraces of varying levels, while others, including the structures of Leiyinsi, are on raised stilts. Here the fixed plans of Buddhist monasteries of earlier periods were modified or ignored in order to make full use of the natural scenery. The buildings of Qingyinge are laid out in an irregular plot on the narrow piece of land between the Black Dragon River and the White Dragon River. The site is large and the winding foot path is 50 km, taking several days to walk.[6]
Cable cars ease the ascent to the two temples at Jinding (3,077 m), an hour's hike from the mountain's peak.[2][7]
Great spectacles of Mount Emei include the sunrise and Clouds Sea seen from the Golden Summit of the mountain.
The sunrise is very varied, but optimally begins with the ground and sky being in the same dark purple, soon showing rosy clouds, followed by a bright purple arc and then a semicircle where the sun is coming up.[8]
The Clouds Sea includes several cloud phenomena, e.g. clouds appearing in the sky above, in addition to the regular clouds beneath.[8]
The summit of Mount Emei has an alpine subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc), with long, cold (but not severely so) winters, and short, cool summers. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from −5.7 °C (21.7 °F) in January to 11.6 °C (52.9 °F), and an annual mean of 3.07 °C (37.5 °F). Precipitation is common year-round, but due to the influence of the monsoon, rainfall is especially heavy in summer, and more than 70% of the annual total occurs from June to September.
| Climate data for Mount Emei (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) |
18.5 (65.3) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.5 (70.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
16.3 (61.3) |
22.7 (72.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
0.4 (32.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
7.8 (46.0) |
10.5 (50.9) |
12.9 (55.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
14.9 (58.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
4.0 (39.2) |
1.6 (34.9) |
7.46 (45.42) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −9.2 (15.4) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
9.2 (48.6) |
9.0 (48.2) |
5.5 (41.9) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
0.24 (32.44) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.2 (−2.6) |
−19.1 (−2.4) |
−17.2 (1.0) |
−9.8 (14.4) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
2.1 (35.8) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 15.4 (0.606) |
23.8 (0.937) |
50.3 (1.98) |
112.1 (4.413) |
161.6 (6.362) |
220.1 (8.665) |
366.5 (14.429) |
428.4 (16.866) |
210.8 (8.299) |
101.4 (3.992) |
42.8 (1.685) |
16.0 (0.63) |
1,749.2 (68.866) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 16.9 | 19.1 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 23.2 | 23.6 | 22.7 | 21.9 | 23.8 | 24.7 | 20.0 | 15.1 | 255.6 |
| Source: Weather China | |||||||||||||
Visitors to Mount Emei will likely see dozens of Tibetan Macaques who can often be viewed taking food from tourists. Local merchants sell nuts for tourists to feed the monkeys. Some monkeys may be seen eating human food such as potato chips and even drinking soda from discarded bottles.
The Emei Shan Liocichla, a passerine bird is named after the site.
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