Elizabeth, New Jersey

Elizabeth, New Jersey
—  City  —
City of Elizabeth
Motto: Where history meets present
Map of Elizabeth in Union County
(click image to enlarge; also see: state map)
Census Bureau map of Elizabeth, New Jersey
Coordinates:
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Union
Founded 1665
Incorporated March 13, 1855
Government
 • Type Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council)
 • Mayor Chris Bollwage (term ends 2012)[1]
Area[2]
 • Total 13.464 sq mi (34.873 km2)
 • Land 12.319 sq mi (31.907 km2)
 • Water 1.145 sq mi (2.966 km2)  8.51%
Elevation[3] 16 ft (5 m)
Population (2010 Census)[4][5][6][7]
 • Total 124,969
 • Density 9,865.5/sq mi (3,809.5/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 07201 - Union Square station
07202 - Bayway station
07206 - Elizabethport station
07207 - P.O. Boxes
07208 - Elmora station[8]
Area code(s) 908
FIPS code 34-21000[9][10]
GNIS feature ID 0876147[11]
Website http://www.elizabethnj.org/

Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 124,969,[4] retaining its ranking as New Jersey's fourth largest city (by population) with an increase of 4,401 residents (an added 3.7%) from its 2000 Census population of 120,568.[12] It is the county seat of Union County[13].

In 2008, Elizabeth was named one of "America's 50 Greenest Cities" by Popular Science magazine, the only city in New Jersey selected.[14]

Contents

History

Elizabeth, originally called "Elizabethtown" and part of the Elizabethtown Tract, was founded in 1665 by English settlers. The town was not named for Queen Elizabeth I as many people may assume, but rather for Elizabeth, wife of Vice Admiral Sir George Carteret, 1st Baronet and one of the two original Proprietors of the colony of New Jersey.[15] She was the daughter of Philippe de Carteret II, 3rd Seigneur de Sark and Anne Dowse. The town served as the first capital of New Jersey.[16] During the American Revolutionary War, Elizabeth was continually attacked by British forces based on Manhattan and Staten Island.

On March 13, 1855, the City of Elizabeth was created by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature, combining and replacing both Elizabeth Borough (which dated back to 1740) and Elizabeth Township (which had been formed in 1693), based on the results of a referendum held on March 27, 1855. On March 19, 1857, the city became part of the newly-created Union County. Portions of the city were taken to form Linden Township on March 4, 1861.[17]

The first major industry, the Singer Sewing Machine Company came to Elizabeth and employed as many as 2,000 people. In 1895, it saw one of the first car companies, when Electric Carriage and Wagon Company was founded to manufacture the Electrobat, joined soon by another electric car builder, Andrew L. Riker. The Electric Boat Company got its start building submarines for the United States Navy in Elizabeth, New Jersey beginning with the launch of USS Holland (SS-1) in 1897. These pioneering naval craft [known as A-Class] were developed at Lewis Nixon's Crescent Shipyard in Elizabeth between the years 1896-1903.[18] Elizabeth grew in parallel to its sister city of Newark for many years, but has been more successful in retaining a middle class presence and was spared riots in the 1960s.

Geography

Elizabeth is located at (40.666261,-74.19353). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 13.464 square miles (34.873 km2), of which, 12.319 square miles (31.907 km2) of it is land and 1.145 square miles (2.966 km2) of it (8.51%) is water.[19][2]

Elizabeth is bordered to the southwest by Linden, to the west by Roselle and Roselle Park, to the northwest by Union and Hillside, to the north by Newark (in Essex County). To the east the city is across the Newark Bay from Bayonne in Hudson County and the Arthur Kill from Staten Island, New York. The borders of Elizabeth, Bayonne, and Staten Island meet at one point on Shooters Island.[20]

Business and industry

Since World War II, Elizabeth has seen its transportation facilities grow; the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is one of the busiest ports in the world, as is Newark Liberty International Airport, parts of which are actually in Elizabeth. Elizabeth also features Little Jimmy's Italian Ices (since 1932), the popular Jersey Gardens outlet mall, Loews Theater, and the Elizabeth Center, which generate millions of dollars in revenue.

Together with Linden, Elizabeth is home to the Bayway Refinery, a ConocoPhillips refining facility that helps supply petroleum-based products to the New York/New Jersey area, producing approximately 230,000 barrels (37,000 m3) per day.

Portions of the city are covered by the Urban Enterprise Zone, which cuts the sales tax rate to 3½% (half of the 7% charged statewide) and offers other incentives to businesses within the district.[21] The Elizabeth UEZ has the highest business participation rate in the state, with approximately 1,000 businesses participating in — and benefiting from — the program. The UEZ has helped bring in more than $1.5 billion in new economic development to the City and has brought in over $50 million in sales tax revenue that has been reinvested in funding for additional police, streetscape and other infrastructure improvements.[22]

Celadon, a mixed-use development containing 14 glass skyscrapers, offices, retail, a hotel, boardwalk and many other amenities is proposed to border the east side of the Jersey Gardens mall, directly on the Port Newark Bay. It is planned to break ground in the summer of 2008 on the ferry, roads and parking, and will continue construction for at least twelve more years.[23]

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1810 2,977
—
1820 3,515 18.1%
1830 3,455 −1.7%
1860 11,567
—
1870 20,832 80.1%
1880 28,229 35.5%
1890 37,764 33.8%
1900 52,130 38.0%
1910 73,409 40.8%
1920 95,783 30.5%
1930 114,589 19.6%
1940 109,912 −4.1%
1950 112,817 2.6%
1960 107,698 −4.5%
1970 112,654 4.6%
1980 106,201 −5.7%
1990 110,002 3.6%
2000 120,568 9.6%
2010 124,969 3.7%
Population sources:1790-1990[24]
1810[25] 1820[26] 1830[27] 1860-1930[28]
1900-1990[29][30] 2000[31][32] 2010[4][5][6][33]

2010 Census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 124,969 people, 41,596 households, and 29,325 families residing in the city. The population density was 10,144.1 inhabitants per square mile (3,916.7 /km2). There were 45,516 housing units at an average density of 3,694.7 per square mile (1,426.5 /km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 54.65% (68,292) White, 21.08% (26,343) African American, 0.83% (1,036) Native American, 2.08% (2,604) Asian, 0.04% (52) Pacific Islander, 16.72% (20,901) from other races, and 4.59% (5,741) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 59.50% (74,353) of the population.[4]

There were 41,596 households out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 22.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.43.[4]

In the city the population was spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.[4]

2000 Census

As of the census[9] of 2000, there were 120,568 people, 40,482 households, and 28,175 families residing in the city. The population density was 9,865.5 inhabitants per square mile (3,809.5/km2). There were 42,838 housing units at an average density of 3,505.2 per square mile (1,353.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 55.78% White, 19.98% Black or African American, 0.48% Native American, 2.35% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 15.51% from other races, and 5.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.46% of the population.[31][32]

The nation where the highest number of foreign-born inhabitants of Elizabeth were born was Colombia, which was the birthplace of 8,731 Elizabeth residents as of the 2000 Census. This exceeded the combined total of Mexico and Central America of 8,214. It also far exceeded the next highest single nation count of Cuba at 5,812. The largest number for a non-Spanish speaking country and third highest overall was immigrants from Portugal numbering 4,544. The next largest groups were Salvadoran immigrants numbering 4,043, Peruvians 3,591 and Dominican immigrants of whom there were 3,492.[34]

There were 40,482 households out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.45.[31][32]

In the city the population was spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 33.7% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.[31][32]

The median income for a household in the city was $35,175, and the median income for a family was $38,370. Males had a median income of $30,757 versus $23,931 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,114. About 15.6% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 17.2% of those age 65 or over.[31][32]

Districts and neighborhoods

The city of Elizabeth has several distinct districts and neighborhoods.

Midtown

Midtown (Broad Street and Morris Avenue), also occasionally known as Uptown, is the main commercial district. Midtown is a historic section as well. It includes the First Presbyterian Church and St. John's Episcopal Church, and its St. John's Episcopal Churchyard. The First Presbyterian Church was a battleground for the American Revolution. Located here are also the Art Deco Hersh Tower, and the Ritz Theatre which has been operating since 1926.

Bayway

Bayway is located in the southern part of the City and borders the City of Linden. There are unique ethnic restaurants, bars, and stores along Bayway Avenue, and a variety of houses of worship. Housing styles are older and well maintained. There are many affordable two to four-family housing units, and multiple apartment complexes. The western terminus of the Goethals Bridge, which spans the Arthur Kill to Staten Island can be found here.

DownTown

DownTown (also known as The Port or E-Port), the oldest and perhaps the most diverse place in the City, is a collection of old world Elizabeth, new America, and a mix of colonial-style houses and apartment buildings that stretch east of Routes 1 & 9 to its shores. Although this has been an impoverished part of Elizabeth for many decades, this area has had a great deal of improvement in the last five years. Many homes have been refurbished or replaced with new, more ornate constructions. Housing projects that stood for years along First Street were demolished and replaced with attractive apartment complexes for those with low to moderate incomes. New townhomes on the waterfront have been developed & new 2 family homes are currently under construction.

The Elizabeth Marina, which in the past was filled with trash and debris along its walkway, has also beautified and many celebrations are held year round, from a Hispanic festival in the late spring to the lighting of a Christmas tree in the winter. Living conditions in this area continue to improve year after year. Historically, there was a Slavic community here, centered by a church (Sts. Peter and Paul Byzantine) and a Lithuanian (Sts. Peter and Paul, R.C.) and Polish (St. Adalbert) Roman Catholic Church still stands in the neighborhood. St. Patrick Church, originally Irish, dominates the 'Port and was built in 1888.

Elmora

Elmora is a middle/working-class neighborhood in the western part of Elizabeth. Home to many Jewish people, a number of kosher eateries can be found here. The main thoroughfare, Elmora Avenue, boasts some of the best restaurants, shops and boutiques. A few of the City’s most luxurious high-rise building complexes- affording views of the New York skyline- dot the edge of this neighborhood and are convenient to the Midtown NJ Transit Train Station. Also found here is Morris Avenue which is home to many Colombian stores and restaurants. The northwestern part of Elmora is known as Elmora Hills. It is a strongly middle- to upper-middle class neighborhood.

Frog Hollow

Frog Hollow is a small community of homes just west of the Arthur Kill, and south of Elizabeth Avenue, Frog Hollow contains older style, affordable homes, rentals and some quality restaurants in a working-class community. The statue honoring former Mayor Mack on Elizabeth Avenue is a landmark in the community. Frog Hollow is also convenient to the Veteran’s Memorial Waterfront Park. Frog Hollow was largely Irish from the late 19th century until World War II and the largest church in Elizabeth is St. Patrick's Church in Elizabethport, built by the Irish in the late 19th century and still in beautiful condition today.

Keighry Head

Keighry Head is located close to Midtown, containing affordable one and two-family homes, and apartment houses, convenient to the Midtown shopping district, and transportation.

North Elizabeth

North Elizabeth, also known as the "North End," is mainly a diverse working-class neighborhood home to many Portuguese as well. The North End has easy access to New York and Newark via its own NJ Transit train station, Routes 1&9 & the NJ Turnpike. The neighborhood also has Crane Square, the Historic Nugents Tavern, and Kellogg Park and its proximity to Newark Airport. There is currently a plan in place to develop the former Interbake Foods facility into shopping and residential town houses and condominiums. This community contains many larger one and two-family homes that have been rebuilt over the past decade. North Elizabeth also features many well-kept apartment houses and condominium units on and around North Avenue that are home to professionals who work in New York or the area. In addition, the only Benedictine women's community in New Jersey is located at Saint Walburga Monastery on North Broad Street.

Peterstown

Peterstown (also known as "The Burg") is a middle/working-class neighborhood in the southeastern part of the city. It is heavily industrial and ethnically diverse. Peterstown was once predominantly occupied by newly immigrated Italians and their descendants, but is less so today. Peterstown has clean, quiet streets and has many affordable housing opportunities with a “village” feel. The area contains the historic Union Square, home to produce stands, meat markets, fresh fish and poultry stores. Peterstown is also home to the DeCavalcante crime family, one of the most infamous Mafia families in the United States.

The Point

The Point is centrally located and defined by New Point Road, located close to Midtown. This community contains many new affordable two-family homes, apartment houses and is undergoing a transformation.

Quality Hill

Quality Hill is located north of Bayway and to the west of Peterstown. It is largely a middle-class neighborhood. It includes the Trinitas Hospital, the Main Complex, the Edison Academy, as well as cover most of South Broad Street.

Westminster

Westminster is home to the City’s largest residential estates, a mix of Tudors, Victorians, ranch houses, colonial split levels and more. This neighborhood borders Hillside and contains many distinctive properties. It is also home to a new public school, considered one of the finest in the City’s system. The Elizabeth River runs through Westminster culminating in a dramatic splash of greenery and rolling hills off of North Avenue, near Liberty Hall. Residents use this area for recreation, whether it is at the newly christened Phil Rizzuto Park area, or for bird watching or for sunbathing by the river. It is one of the more affluent and historic area of Elizabeth.

Government

Local government

The City of Elizabeth is governed under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government under the Faulkner Act. The City government of Elizabeth is made up of a Mayor and a City Council. The Elizabeth City Council is made up of nine members. Three Council members are elected at large and six members are elected from each of Elizabeth's six wards.[35]

As of 2011, the City's Mayor J. Christian Bollwage, a lifelong resident of Elizabeth, is currently serving his fourth term as Mayor.[36] Council members are Council President Joseph Keenan (Third Ward), Carlos Cedeño (Fourth Ward), Frank Cuesta (at-large), William Gallman, Jr. (Fifth Ward), Nelson Gonzalez (Second Ward), Manny Grova, Jr. (First Ward), Edward Jackus (at-large), Frank Mazza (Sixth Ward) and Patricia Perkins-Auguste (at-large).[37]

Federal, state and county representation

The City of Elizabeth is split between the 10th and 13th Congressional districts and is part of New Jersey's 22nd state legislative district.[38]

New Jersey's Tenth Congressional District is represented by Donald M. Payne (D, Newark). New Jersey's Thirteenth Congressional District is represented by Albio Sires (D, West New York). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Bob Menendez (D, Hoboken).

20th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature, which is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Raymond Lesniak (D, Union) and in the New Jersey General Assembly by Joseph Cryan (D, Union) and Annette Quijano (D, Elizabeth).[39][5] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham).[40] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[41]

Union County is governed by a Board of Chosen Freeholders, whose nine members are elected at-large to three-year terms of office on a staggered basis with three seats coming up for election each year.[42] As of 2011, Union County's Freeholders are Chairman Deborah P. Scanlon (Union, term ends December 31, 2012)[43], Vice Chairman Alexander Mirabella (Fanwood, 2012)[44], Linda Carter (Plainfield, 2013)[45], Angel G. Estrada (Elizabeth, 2011)[46], Christopher Hudak (Linden, 2011)[47], Mohamed S. Jalloh (Roselle, 2012)[48], Bette Jane Kowalski (Cranford, 2013)[49], Daniel P. Sullivan (Elizabeth, 2013)[50] and Nancy Ward (Linden, 2011).[51][52]

Emergency services

Fire

Main article: Elizabeth Fire Department

Police department

http://www.elizabethpd.org/history-ElizabethPolice.html

Medical services

Emergency Medical Services for the City of Elizabeth are handled by the Elizabeth Fire Departments - Division of Emergency Medical Services. This is a civilian Division of the Fire Department and handles approx 40,000 calls a year. The Division is made up of an EMS Chief, 5 Supervisors, 28 Full Time Emergency Medical Technicians, and approximately 11 Per Diem EMTs. The Division, at its maximum staffing, attempts to operate four ambulances and a supervisor on days (7A-7P) and there ambulances and a supervisor on nights (7P-7A).

Education

The city's public schools are operated by Elizabeth Public Schools, serving students in kindergarten through 12th grade. The district is one of 31 Abbott Districts statewide.[53] With 5,300 students, Elizabeth High School was the largest high school in the state of New Jersey and one of the largest in the United States, and underwent a split that will create five new academies and a smaller Elizabeth High School under a transformation program that began in the 2009-10 school year.[54] The school was the 294th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 322 schools statewide, in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2010 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", after being ranked 302nd in 2008 out of 316 schools.[55] Before the 2008-09 school year, all of the district's schools (except high schools) became K-8 schools, replacing the middle schools and elementary schools.

Private schools

Elizabeth is also home to several private schools. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark oversees the coeducational schools St. Mary of the Assumption High School and Saint Patrick High School, and the all-girls Benedictine Academy.[56] The Newark Archdiocese also operated the K-8 schools Our Lady of Guadalupe Academy, St. Genevieve School and St. Patrick Academy[57] The Jewish Educational Center comprises the Yeshiva of Elizabeth (nursery through sixth grades), the Rav Teitz Mesivta Academy (boys, seventh through twelfth grades), and Bruriah High School (girls, seventh through twelfth grades).[58]

Princeton University was founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey.[59]

Libraries

The Elizabeth Public Library, the free public library with a main library, originally a Carnegie library, and three branches[60] has a collection of 342,305 volumes and annual circulation of about 191,000.[61][62]

Commerce

Portions of Elizabeth are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide).[21]

Transportation

Roads

Elizabeth is a hub of several major roadways including the New Jersey Turnpike / Interstate 95, Interstate 278 (including the Goethals Bridge), U.S. Route 1/9, Route 27, Route 28 and Route 439. Elizabeth's own street plan, in contrast to the more usual grid plan, is to a large degree circular, with circumferential and radial streets centered on the central railroad station.

Mass transit

Elizabeth is among the U.S. cities with the highest transit ridership.

The city has two train stations on New Jersey Transit's North Jersey Coast Line and the Northeast Corridor Line. Elizabeth Station, also called Broad Street Elizabeth or Midtown Station, is the southern station in Midtown Elizabeth. The other train station in Elizabeth is North Elizabeth Station.

New Jersey Transit is planning a segment of the Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link (NERL), designated as the Union County Light Rail (UCLR). The UCLR was planned to connect Midtown Station with Newark Liberty International Airport and have seven or eight other stations in between within Elizabeth city limits.[63][64] A possible extension of this future line to Plainfield would link the city of Elizabeth with the Raritan Valley Line.

In addition, the Colombian airline Avianca operates a private bus service from John F. Kennedy Airport to Union City and Elizabeth for passengers on Avianca flights departing from and arriving to JFK.[65]

Public bus

New Jersey Transit provides bus service on the 111, 112, 113 and 115 routes to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, on the 24, 40, 59 and 62 routes to Newark, New Jersey, with local service available on the 26, 52, 56, 57 and 58 routes.[66]

Local media

WJDM at 1530 on the AM dial is licensed to Elizabeth.

News 12 New Jersey is one of the most viewed weather and news channels in the city.

Elizabeth Public-Access Channel

Residents of Elizabeth can tune into the Public-access television cable-TV channel at anytime to view public information such as the city bulletin board, live meetings, important health information and tips. This service is provided by Cablevision Local Programming. The service can be found on channel 18. The channel also has features such as Top 10 Ranked Television Shows, Educational Facts, Quote of The Day, Gas Price Statistics, and tips for keeping the city safe and clean.

Notable residents and natives

Sister cities

References

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External links

Municipalities and communities of Union County, New Jersey, USA
County seat: Elizabeth
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  1. Jeff Jones
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State capital: Tony Mack (Trenton)

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