| Synthpunk | |
|---|---|
| Stylistic origins | Punk rock - Post-punk - Industrial - Synthpop |
| Cultural origins | Late 1970s, United States |
| Typical instruments | Drums/Drum machine - Synthesizer/Sampler - Sequencer - guitar - bass |
| Mainstream popularity | Minor |
| Derivative forms | EBM |
| Fusion genres | |
| Synthcore | |
| Regional scenes | |
| Coldwave | |
| Other topics | |
| Dance-punk - Digital hardcore - Electro-industrial - Industrial rock | |
Synthpunk (also known as electropunk) is a music genre[1] combining elements of electronic music and punk rock. The term was coined by Damian Ramsey in 1999[2] as an attempt to retroactively identify a small sub-genre of punk music from 1977 to 1984 that involved musicians playing synthesizers in place of electric guitars.
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A rehearsal tape by Suicide in 1975 and the first demo session by The Screamers with Pat Garrett on 7 July 1977 are candidates for the first synthpunk recording. The Screamers were referred to as "techno-punk" in an article in the Los Angeles Times in 1978,[3] but this did not become established as a genre name. Recent use of the term techno-punk usually refers to music sequencer dance or techno that has punk fashion or performance influences, rather than synthpunk's identification as punk rock being played live on synthesizer keyboards. In popular culture, the word "techno" itself has become independently imbued with its own music genre and alternative subculture meanings, which are not linked to the same roots of punk rock, but are instead rooted in electronic music and disco. Prior to the techno music genre, use of the word "techno-" was usually as prefix modifier to simple words (techno-lighting, techno-furnished) in order to suggesting heavy involvement or embracing use of technology.[4] For this reason, "techno-punk" used in the Los Angeles Times' 1978 article can not logically mean what most post-techno music usage of the word "techno-punk" refers to, thus "synthpunk" has a distinct purpose in describing this pre-techno keyboard-playing, punk music, as well as those later influenced specifically by it. It also ties in well with the genre name "synthpop", another pre-techno genre, where pop music influences are the central instead of punk. Several of the original synthpunk artists of the late 1970s would later record synthpop in the 1980s.
The term "synthpunk" (without hyphenation) is first documented as Damian Ramsey's web domain name hosting record[5] for the Synthysteria![6] web pages that he authored in 1999 at http://www.synthpunk.org.[6]
The web pages document his selected focus on the American synthpunk groups Nervous Gender,[7] The Units,[8] The Screamers,[9] Tone Set, Our Daughters Wedding, and Voice Farm under one curatorial umbrella. The site gathered text and images of discographies, flyers, interviews, anecdotes, and listed sources from research Damian conducted between 1999 and 2005.[6] The sources Damian sites (articles, interviews, event lists, anecdotes) are from his personal contact with many members of the original bands,[2] implying some acceptance of the term with these original musicians. Some later (post-2004) print media uses the genre word to describe most any band who were combining a vaguely punk style with synthesizer use, where guitars are not largely replaced by synths (for instance, The Stranglers[10]). More appropriately, "synthpunk" is used describe Suicide and Devo, who were not originally covered on the web site (because they were so well documented on the web already),[11] but were described as synthpunk later in print media[12] and generally included at the core of the genre on the Synthpunk Yahoo! Group.[13]
The term is used in retroactive reference to these early bands, such as when Mark Jenkins of The Washington Post describes late early 1980s Devo, "...the band's sci-fi synthpunk is revealed as the missing link between the Ramones and Depeche Mode."[14] But the term is increasingly used in print media for loosely describing new bands that have a punk guitar sound with a synthesizer sound added to the mix, such as Le Tigre,[15] or The Epoxies,[16] Blowoff/Bob Mould,[17] Ima Robot,[18] or Full Minute of Mercury,[19] as well as a description of re-discovered and re-released artists such as Futurisk[20][21] from the original pre-midi period of the late 1970's thru early 1980's.
Due to the predominant use of guitars in punk's rock music roots, the use of synthesizers was controversial within the punk scene even though the punk music culture collectively embraced an anti-establishment political stance. It was very rare, particularly in America, for punk musicians to use synthesizers or keyboards at all to make punk music, let alone replacing the guitars with them. While the rejection of using guitars was an extension of the logic of punk music's anti-establishment politics,[22][23] synthpunk bands went farther than many fans were willing to extend that principle, and synthesizer-based punk rock groups had small following as a whole. It is probably due to this issue that the identification of a synthesizer-based, sub-genre of punk rock took so many years to become identified as a collective genre.
Synthesizers playing the role of lead and rhythm guitars meant that much of the technique of synthesis relied on making full, harmonic lead timbres, similar to the synthesizer lead roles in some 1970's progressive rock and jazz fusion genres.[22]
As yet, there is no information on the technique of synthpunk musicians aside from an article in Keyboard Magazine from 1982 in which the Units are interviewed.[24]
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