Eldonia

Eldonia
Temporal range: Chengjiang–Upper Ordovician
Eldonia ludwigii from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Superphylum: Ambulacraria
(unranked): Cambroernida
(unranked): Paropsonemida
Family: Eldoniidae
Walcott 1911
Genus: Eldonia
Species:
  • E. ludwigii Walcott 1911
  • E. eumorpha Sun & Hou 1987
  • E. berbera ALESSANDRELLO 2003[1]
Synonyms
  • Yunnanomedusa[2]
  • Stellostomites[2]

Eldonia is a soft-bodied animal of unknown affinity,[3] best known from the Fossil Ridge outcrops of the Burgess Shale, particularly in the 'Great Eldonia layer' in the Walcott Quarry.[4] In addition to the 550 collected by Walcott,[5] 224 specimens of Eldonia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.43% of the community.[6] Species also occur in the Chengjiang biota,[2] and in Upper Ordovician strata of Morocco.

Walcott's original interpretation as a holothurian was rapidly disputed.[7] Alternative affinities to be suggested, which did not stand the test of time, included the siphonophores[8][9][10] and a coelentrate medusa.[11]

It takes the form of a round, medusoid disk (which originally led to suggestions of a jellyfish affinity)[12] with a C-shaped gut trace. The gut is recalcitrant and can be extracted using HF acid.[13] The organism is frequently found in association with the lobopod Microdictyon, which is presumed to have fed on Eldonia.[14]

The eldoniids form a clade that also includes Paropsonema, Rotadiscus, and Stellostomites.[15]

External links

References

  1. ^ ALESSANDRELLO Anna; A BRACCHI Giacomo (2003). "Eldonia berbera n. sp., a new species of the enigmatic genus Eldonia Walcott, 1911 from the Rawtheyan (Upper Ordovician) of little Atlas (Erfoud, Tafilalt, Morocco)". Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale in Milano (Milano, ITALIE: Società italiana di scienze naturali) 144 (2): 337–358. ISSN 0037-8844. 
  2. ^ a b c CHEN, J-Y.; M-Y. ZHU,; G. Q. ZHOU (1995). "The early Cambrian medusiform metazoan Eldonia from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte.". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 40: 213–244. http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app40/app40-213.pdf. 
  3. ^ Signor, P. W.; Vermeij, G. J. (1 July 1994). "The Plankton and the Benthos: Origins and Early History of an Evolving Relationship". Paleobiology 20 (3): 259–406. ISSN 00948373. JSTOR 2401005.  edit
  4. ^ Gabbott, S. E.; Zalasiewicz, J.; Collins, D. (2008). "Sedimentation of the Phyllopod Bed within the Cambrian Burgess Shale Formation of British Columbia". Journal of the Geological Society 165: 307. doi:10.1144/0016-76492007-023.  edit
  5. ^ Durham, J. W. (1974). "Systematic Position of Eldonia ludwigi Walcott". Journal of Paleontology (Paleontological Society) 48 (4): 750–755. doi:10.2307/1303225. JSTOR 1303225.  edit
  6. ^ Caron, J. -B.; Jackson, D. A. (October 2006). "Taphonomy of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale". PALAIOS 21 (5): 451–465. doi:10.2110/palo.2003.P05-070R.  edit
  7. ^ Clark, H. L. (1912). "Fossil Holothurians". Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 35 (894): 274–278. doi:10.1126/science.35.894.274-a. JSTOR 1638409. PMID 17809248.  edit
  8. ^ "On Walcott's Supposed Cambrian Holothurians". Journal of Paleontology (Paleontological Society) 31 (1): 281–282. 1957. doi:10.2307/1300523. JSTOR 1300523.  edit
  9. ^ MADSEN, F. J. (1962.). "The systematic position of the Middle Cambrian fossil Eldonia". Medd. Dan. Geol. Foren 15: 87–89. http://2dgf.dk/xpdf/bull-1962-15-1-87-89.pdf. 
  10. ^ MADSEN, F. J. (1956.). "Eldonia, a Cambrian Siphonophore-formerly interpreted as a Holoturian[sic].". Videnskabelige meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk forening i Københaven 118: 7–14. 
  11. ^ Lemche, Henning (1960). "A possible central place for Stenethecoides Resser, 1939 and Cambridium Horny, 1957 (Mollusca Monoplacophora) in invertebrate phylogeny.". Rep. Int. Geol. Congr., XXI Session, Norden (Pt. 22): 92–101. 
  12. ^ Jun-yuan, C.; Mao-yan, Z.; Gui-qing, Z.; Signogneau-russell, D.; Hahn, R.; Koz{l}owska-dawidziuk, A.; Stefaniak, K. (1995), "The Early Cambrian medusiform metazoan Eldonia from the Chenjiang Lagerstätte", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 40 (3): 213–244, http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app40/app40-213.pdf, retrieved 2009-08-12 
  13. ^ Butterfield, N. J. (1 July 1990). "Organic Preservation of Non-Mineralizing Organisms and the Taphonomy of the Burgess Shale". Paleobiology (Paleontological Society) 16 (3): 247–399. ISSN 00948373. JSTOR 2400788.  edit
  14. ^ Gastin, P.; Lawson, D.; Hargreaves, M.; Carey, M.; Fairweather, I. (Dec 2007). "Gravitational Constraints on the Burial of Chengjiang Fossils". PALAIOS 22 (6): 513–518. doi:10.2110/palo.2006.p06-085r. ISSN 0172-4622. PMID 1797691.  edit
  15. ^ Caron, J.; Conway Morris, S.; Shu, D.; Soares, D. (2010). Soares, Daphne. ed. "Tentaculate fossils from the Cambrian of Canada (British Columbia) and China (Yunnan) interpreted as primitive deuterostomes". PloS one 5 (3): e9586. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009586. PMC 2833208. PMID 20221405. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2833208.  edit