Ammonium persulfate

Ammonium persulfate



Other names Ammonium peroxydisulfate
Identifiers
CAS number	7727-54-0^Y
ChemSpider	56400^Y
UNII	22QF6L357F^Y
EC number	231-786-5
UN number	1444
RTECS number	SE0350000
Jmol-3D images	Image 1 Image 2
SMILES O=S(=O)([O-])OOS([O-])(=O)=O.[NH4+].[NH4+] [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS(=O)(=O)[O-]
InChI InChI=1S/2H3N.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h21H3;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6)^Y Key: ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y InChI=1/2H3N.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h21H3;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6) Key: ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYAL
Properties
Molecular formula	(NH₄)₂S₂O₈
Molar mass	228.18 g/mol
Appearance	white to yellowish crystals
Density	1.98 g/cm³
Melting point	120 °C (393 K) decomp.
Solubility in water	80 g/100 ml (25 °C)
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU Index	016-060-00-6
EU classification	Oxidant (O) Harmful (Xn) Irritant (Xi)
R-phrases	R8, R22, R36/37/38, R42/43
S-phrases	(S2), S22, S24, S26, S37
NFPA 704	0 2 2 OX
LD₅₀	689 mg/kg, oral (rat)
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium thiosulfate Ammonium sulfite Ammonium sulfate
Other cations	Sodium persulfate Potassium persulfate
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Ammonium persulfate (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ is a strong oxidizing agent. It is very soluble in water; the dissolution of the salt in water is endothermic. It is a radical initiator. It is used to etch copper on printed circuit boards as an alternative to ferric chloride solution.^[1] It is also used along with tetramethylethylenediamine to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide in making a polyacrylamide gel.

Ammonium persulfate was prepared by H. Marshall by the method used for the preparation of potassium persulfate — by the electrolysis of a solution of ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid.^[2]

Ammonium persulfate is the main component of Nochromix. On dissolving in sulfuric acid, it is used to clean laboratory glassware as a metal-free alternative to chromic acid baths.^[3] It is also a standard ingredient in western blot gels and hair bleach.

Safety

Airborne dust may be irritating to eye, nose, throat, lung and skin upon contact. Exposure to high levels of dust may cause difficulty in breathing.^[4]

References

^ "Ammonium Persulphate: Copper Etchant". MG Chemicals. http://www.mgchemicals.com/products/410.html.
^ Hugh Marshall (1891). "LXXIV. Contributions from the Chemical Laboratory of the University of Edinburgh. No. V. The persulphates". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 59: 771. doi:10.1039/CT8915900771.
^ "Nochromix". Sigma-Aldrich. http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/SpecificationSheetPage/ALDRICH/328693. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
^ [1] FMC Corporation, MSDS sheet dated: 06/26/2009

For a review of its uses in organic chemistry see Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, vol. 1, pp. 193-197(1995).

External links

International Chemical Safety Card 0632

E numbers

Colours (E100–199) • Preservatives (E200–299) • Antioxidants & acidity regulators (E300–399) • Thickeners, stabilisers & emulsifiers (E400–499) • pH regulators & anticaking agents (E500–599) • Flavour enhancers (E600–699) • Miscellaneous (E900–999) • Additional chemicals (E1100–1599)

Waxes (E900–909) • Synthetic glazes (E910–919) • Improving agents (E920–929) • Packaging gases (E930–949) • Sweeteners (E950–969) • Foaming agents (E990–999)

L-cysteine (E920) • L-cystine (E921) • Potassium persulfate (E922) • Ammonium persulfate (E923) • Potassium bromate (E924) • Chlorine (E925) • Chlorine dioxide (E926) • Azodicarbonamide (E927) • Carbamide (E927b) • Benzoyl peroxide (E928)