Dyslipidemia

Not to be confused with lipedema.

Dyslipidemia
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E 78
ICD-9	272
MeSH	D050171

Dyslipidemia or dyslipidaemia is an abnormal amount of lipids (e.g. cholesterol and/or fat) in the blood. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood, often due to diet and lifestyle. The prolonged elevation of insulin levels can lead to dyslipidemia. Increased levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are known to cause dyslipidemia.[1]

Classification

There are two major ways in which dyslipidemias are classified:

Phenotype, or the presentation in the body (including the specific type of lipid that is increased)
Etiology, or the reason for the condition (genetic, or secondary to another condition.) This classification can be problematic, because most conditions involve the intersection of genetics and lifestyle issues. However, there are a few well-defined genetic conditions that are usually easy to identify.

Fredrickson Classification:^[1]

For more a detailed version, see Hyperlipidemia#Classification.

Phenotype	I	IIa	IIb	III	IV	V
Elevated Lipoprotein	Chylomicron	LDL	LDL and VLDL	IDL	Triglycerides	VLDL and chylomicrons

Types

	Increases	Decreases
Lipid	Hyperlipidemia: lipids Hypercholesterolemia: cholesterol. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a specific form of hypercholesterolemia due to a defect on chromosome 19 (19p13.1-13.3). Hyperglyceridemia: glycerides Hypertriglyceridemia: triglycerides	Hypolipidemia Hypocholesterolemia: cholesterol
Lipoprotein	Hyperlipoproteinemia: lipoproteins (usually LDL unless otherwise specified) Hyperchylomicronemia: chylomicrons	Hypolipoproteinemia: lipoproteins Abetalipoproteinemia: beta lipoproteins Tangier disease: high density lipoprotein
Both	Combined hyperlipidemia: both LDL and triglycerides

References

^ Fredrickson DS, Lees RS. A system for phenotyping hyperlipoproteinemia. Circulation 1965;31:321-327.

Inborn error of lipid metabolism: dyslipidemia (E78, 272.0–272.6)

Hyperlipidemia

Hypercholesterolemia/Hypertriglyceridemia (Lipoprotein lipase deficiency/Type Ia, Familial apoprotein CII deficiency/Type Ib, Familial hypercholesterolemia/Type IIa, Combined hyperlipidemia/Type IIb, Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia/Type III, Familial hypertriglyceridemia/Type IV) · Xanthoma/Xanthomatosis

Hypolipoproteinemia

Hypoalphalipoproteinemia/HDL	Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency · Tangier disease

Hypobetalipoproteinemia/LDL	Abetalipoproteinemia · Apolipoprotein B deficiency · Chylomicron retention disease

Lipodystrophy

Barraquer–Simons syndrome

Other

Lipomatosis · Adiposis dolorosa · Lipoid proteinosis · APOA1 familial renal amyloidosis

M: MET

mt, k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, a/u, n, m

k, cgrp/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, au, n, m, epon

m(A16/C10),i(k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/o/e, a/u, n, m)

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