| Dravograd Občina Dravograd |
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| — Town and Municipality — | |
| Dravograd | |
| Location of the Municipality of Dravograd in Slovenia | |
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Dravograd
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Marijana Cigala |
| Area | |
| • Total | 105.0 km2 (40.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2002)[1] | |
| • Total | 8,863 |
| • Density | 84.4/km2 (218.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+01) |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+02) |
Dravograd (German: Unterdrauburg) is a small town and a municipality in northern Slovenia, close to the border with Austria. It lies on the Drava River at the confluence with the Meža and the Mislinja. It is part of the traditional Slovenian province of Carinthia).[2]
The municipality consists of 24 settlements grouped into five local communities: Dravograd, Črneče, Libeliče, Šentjanž pri Dravogradu, and Trbonje. In 2002, the town of Dravograd itself had about 3,377 inhabitants.
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint John the Evangelist and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to the late 14th century. It was rebuilt in 1520 and in 1621. The current church is Baroque with a characteristic onion dome on its belfry.[3] A second church in the town is dedicated to Saint Vitus and is a late 12th-century Romanesque building.[4]
The name Dravograd was invented during the Slovene national revival in the 19th century. Previously, the local Slovene name of the town was Traberk, a corruption of the German name Drauburg. Even today, the name Traberk is used by many locals instead of Dravograd.
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From 976 onwards the area of Dravograd was part of the Duchy of Carinthia. The German name Unterdrauburg denoted the place where the Drava River left Carinthia and flowed into the neighbouring Duchy of Styria. It corresponded with Oberdrauburg up the river at Carinthia's western border with the County of Tyrol. The 19th century was a period of national awakening of the Carinthian Slovenes, and also of the rise of competing nationalisms: Slovene and ethnic German.
After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918, the whole area south of Dravograd was occupied by the volunteer forces of Slovene Major Franjo Malgaj, acting in the name of the newly established State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. The town of Dravograd itself however remained in the hands of the volunteers acting in the name of German Austria. In mid-December 1918, Dravograd was seized by the volunteer forces of Slovene General Rudolf Maister. With the Treaty of Saint Germain of 1919, Dravograd became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia).
In the interwar period, the area of Dravograd witnessed an important process of industrialization. In the 1930s, social tensions grew as the consequence of the world economic crisis, as did the tensions between the small ethnic German minority and the Slovene-speaking majority. In the late 1930s, the Nazi movement started penetrating the German community in Dravograd, triggering the reaction of the Slovene majority. Physical violence between the pro-Nazi organization and the local section of the Sokol movement were common. In 1939 and in 1940, two mass anti-Nazi rallies were held in the municipality of Dravograd, organized by patriotic and nationalist Slovene organizations, mostly of left-wing orientation.
In April 1941, after the invasion of Yugoslavia, Dravograd was occupied by Nazi German forces and de facto annexed to the Third Reich. The use of the Slovene language was prohibited, all Slovene organizations were abolished, and numerous Slovenes were deported to central Germany or to Nedić's Serbia. Local Slovene political activists were either executed or deported to concentration camps. In July 1941, the local artist Franjo Golob organized an underground anti-Nazi resistance cell, which was however soon discovered. Violent repression followed, which hindered the further development of anti-German resistance in this area. In mid-1943, the Slovenian partisan resistance movement started taking roots in the Dravograd area, which grew stronger by 1944, despite the brutal repressions of the Nazi authorities. In May 1945, the whole area was liberated by the Yugoslav Partisans.
In the communist period, the Dravograd area further developed its industrial capacities. During the Slovenian war of independence in June and July 1991, some fighting took place in the Dravograd area.
The Dravograd railway station is on the Drautalbahn railway line from Maribor to Innichen (San Candido) in Italy, opened in 1863. Highway No. 3 leading from Maribor to the Austrian border runs through the town, where highway No. 10-10 to Celje branches off.
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