Dornier Do 228
| Dornier 228 |
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| LGW Do 228-200 |
| Role |
Airliner |
| Manufacturer |
Dornier GmbH |
| First flight |
March 21, 1981 |
| Introduction |
1982 |
| Produced |
1981-1998
2009–present |
| Number built |
270 |
| Developed from |
Dornier Do 28 |
The Dornier 228 is a twin-turboprop STOL utility aircraft, manufactured by Dornier GmbH (later DASA Dornier, Fairchild-Dornier) from 1981 until 1998. In 1983, Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL) bought a production licence and manufactures the 228 for the Asian market sphere. Approximately 270 Do 228 were built at Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany and Kanpur, India. In August 2006, 127 Dornier Do 228 aircraft (all variants) remain in airline service.[1]
In 2009, RUAG started building a Dornier 228 New Generation in Germany with the fuselage, wings and tail unit manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in Kanpur (India) and transported to Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich, where RUAG Aviation carries out aircraft final assembly, customized equipment installation, product conformity inspection and aircraft delivery. It is basically the same aircraft with improved technologies and performances, such as a new five blade propeller, glass cockpit and longer range.[2] The first delivery was in September 2010.[3]
Design and development
In the late 1970s, Dornier GmbH developed a new kind of wing, the TNT ("Tragflügel neuer Technologie"), subsidized by the German Government. Dornier tested it on a modified Do 28D-2Skyservant and with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-110 turboprop engines. Finally, Dornier changed the engine and tested the new aircraft, which was named Do 128 with two Garrett AiResearch TPE-331-5 engines.[4] The company developed a new fuselage for the TNT and TPE 331–5 in two variants (15- and 19-passenger) and named both project-aircraft E-1 (later Do 228-100) and E-2 (later Do 228-200). At ILA '80, Dornier presented the new aircraft in public. Both the prototypes were flown on 28 March 1981 and 9 May 1981 for the first time.[5][6]
After German certification was granted on 18 December 1981, the first Do 228 entered service in the fleet of Norving Flyservice in July 1982.[5] British and United States certification followed on 17 April and 11 May 1984 respectively.[6] Over the years Dornier offered the 228 in upgraded variants and with special equipment for special missions. In 1998 the production line was stopped for better development of the successor Fairchild-Dornier 328.
Do 228 NG
The Dornier 228 NG was certified by EASA on 18 August 2010.[7] First delivery, to a Japanese customer, took place in September 2010. The main changes from the previous Dornier 228-212 model are a new 5-blade propeller made of composite material, more powerful engines, and an advanced glass cockpit featuring electronic instrument displays.[8]
Operators
Civilian operators
The major operators of the 127 Do 228 aircraft remaining in service in August 2006 include:
Some 35 other airlines operate smaller numbers of the aircraft.[1] Lufttransport (Norway) operates 2 Dornier 228's and AeroVip (Portugal) operates 2 Do 228, also SATA (Portugal) operates these aircraft.
Military operators
- Bhutan
- Finland
- Germany
- India
- Italy
- Malawi
- Netherlands
- Oman
Accidents
- On 31 July 1993, an Everest Air Dornier Do 228 crashed in the Himalayas, killing all 19 people on board.
- On 4 December 2003, a Dornier 228 of Kato Air operating Flight 603 was struck by lightning, causing a fracture to the control rod that operated the elevator. The aircraft subsequently landed heavily just short of the runway at Bodø. Both crewmembers sustained serious injuries while both passengers sustained slight injuries. The aircraft, registered LN-HTA, was written off.[15]
- Polar 4 was severely damaged in January 2005 during a rough landing at the British over-wintering station Rothera on the Antarctic Peninsula. As it was impossible to repair the plane, the aircraft had to be decommissioned. Since then, scientific and logistical tasks of polar flights have been performed by Polar 2.
- On September. 17 2006, an 18-seater Dornier 228 Air Force transport plane, carrying 15 senior army officers and three crew members crashed into a hillside, leaving only three surviving passengers and two crew members that sustained serious injuries. The plane with registration number NAF 033 crashed near a remote village in Benue State at about 10:30 a.m. The military officers were members of a committee setup by the government to reposition the Nigerian Army. The plane departed Abuja in the early morning hours of September 17, on its way to Obudu Cattle Ranch in Cross River State where the officers were to hold a retreat and crashed about 18 nautical miles from its destination.
- Agni Air Flight 101 crashed outside of Kathmandu in heavy rain on 24 August 2010, killing all 14 people on board.[16]
- On 23 June 2011, Tara Air Do 228 9N-AGQ was substantially damaged in a heavy landing and runway excursion at Simikot Airport, Nepal. The aircraft was operating a cargo flight from Nepalgunj Airport.[17]
Accident summary
- Hull-loss accidents: 23 with 123 fatalities
- Other occurrences: 1 with 3 fatalities
- Unfiled occurrences: 1 with 0 fatalities
- Hijackings: 1 with 0 fatalities
- Selection of incidents: 3 with 0 fatalities
Specifications (Do 228-212)
Data from Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000 [18]
General characteristics
Performance
- Never exceed speed: 472 km/h [19] (255 knots, 293 mph)
- Maximum speed: 433 km/h (234 knots, 269 mph) at 3,050 m (10,000 ft) (max cruise)
- Cruise speed: 315 km/h (170 knots, 196 mph) at 610 m (2,000 ft) (long-range cruise)
- Stall speed: 148 km/h (78 knots, 89.7 mph) with flaps
- Range: 1,111 km (715 nmi, 823 mi) with full payload
- Service ceiling: 8,535 m (28,000 ft)
- Rate of climb: 7.5 m/s (1,870 ft/min)
See also
- Related development
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
- Related lists
References
- ^ a b Flight International, 3–9 October 2006
- ^ Dornier 228 RUAG Dornier 228 webpage. RUAG. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
- ^ airliners.de: RUAG liefert erste Do 228NG aus, 23. September 2010
- ^ Air International October 1987, pp. 163—166.
- ^ a b Air International October 1987, p.166.
- ^ a b Taylor 1988, p.87.
- ^ "EASA certifies modernised Dornier 228NG". http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/08/18/346309/easa-certifies-modernised-dornier-228ng.html. Retrieved 2010-08-18.
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.raja.fi/rvl/home.nsf/pages/F8B5A9C8E896F3D1C2257360002350B8?opendocument
- ^ Hoyle 2010, p. 35.
- ^ a b Hoyle 2010, p. 36.
- ^ Hoyle 2010, p. 41.
- ^ Hoyle 2010, p. 42.
- ^ Aviation safety network - Report on Polar 3 accessed: 18 April 2009
- ^ "REPORT ON THE AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT AT BODØ AIRPORT ON 4 DECEMBER 2003 INVOLVING DORNIER DO 228-202 LN-HTA, OPERATED BY KATO AIRLINE AS". Accident Investigation Board Norway. http://www.aibn.no/items/2119/144/29...%20engelsk.pdf. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
- ^ "Crash: Agni D228 at Bastipur on Aug 24th 2010, technical problems". The Aviation Herald. 24 August 2010. http://avherald.com/h?article=430087ab&opt=0. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
- ^ Hradecky, Simon. "Accident: Tara D228 at Simikot on Jun 23rd 2011, hard landing results in runway excursion and gear collapse". Aviation Herald. http://avherald.com/h?article=43eacc67&opt=0. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
- ^ Taylor 1999, p.195.
- ^ Taylor 1988, pp. 88—89.
- Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, 14–20 December 2010. ISSN 0015-3710. pp. 26–53.
- "Dornier's Way With Commuters". Air International, October 1987, Vol 33 No 4. Bromley, UK:Fine Scroll. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 163–169, 201—202.
- Taylor, John W.R. (editor). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988-89. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Defence Data, 1988. ISBN 0-7106-0867-5.
- Taylor, Michael J.H. Brassey's World Aircraft Systems Directory 1999/2000. London:Brassey's, 1999. ISBN 1-85753-245-7.
External links
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1914-1919 |
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Company designations
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1933-1945 |
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Company designations
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Manufacturer
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| Fairchild (Canada) |
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| Fairchild Hiller |
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| Fairchild Republic |
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| Fairchild Swearingen |
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| American Helicopter |
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See also:
Ranger/Fairchild aeroengines
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