Demography of England
The demography of England has since 1801 been measured by the decennial national census, and is marked by centuries of population growth and urbanisation. Due to the lack of authoritative contemporary sources, estimates of the population of England for dates prior to the first census in 1801 vary considerably.
Population
The population at the time of the 2001 census was 49,138,831
Historical Population
- 1100 -3.25 million.[2]
- 1315 - Between 4 and 6 million.[2]
- 1350 - 3 million or less.[3]
- 1541 - 2,774,000 [note 1][4]
- 1601 - 4,110,000 [4]
- 1651 - 5,228,000 [4]
- 1701 - 5,058,000 [4]
- 1751 - 5,772,000 [4]
- 1801 - 8,308,000 at the time of the first census. Census officials estimated at the time that there had been an increase of 77% in the preceding 100 years. In each county women were in the majority.[5] Wrigley and Schofield estimate 8,664,000 based on birth and death records.[4]
- 1811 - 9,496,000
- 1821 - 11,158,000
- 1831 - 12,993,000
- 1841 - 14,866,000
- 1851 - 16,769,400
- 1861 - 18,776,300
- 1871 - 21,298,000
- 1881 - 24,402,700
- 1891 - 27,231,200
- 1901 - 30,515,000
- 1911 - 33,651,600
- 1921 - 35,230,200
- 1931 - 37,359,000
- 1951 - 41,042,200
- 1961 - 43,983,300
- 1971 - 45,870,100
- 1981 - 46,623,500
- 1991 - 48,067,300
- 2001 - 49,138,831[6]
- 2002 - 49,652,000[7]
- 2003 - 49,866,000[7]
- 2004 - 50,111,000[7]
- 2005 - 50,466,000[8]
- 2006 - 50,762,900[9]
- 2007 - 51,092,000[10]
- 2008 - 51,456,400[11]
Place of birth
- England 87.89%
- UK: 90.7%
- EU elsewhere: 2.3%
- Outside EU: 7.0%
Age
The data below is based on the 2001 census.[12] In 2001, the mean age of England's population was 38.60, and the median age was 37.00.
Ages attained
(years) |
Population |
% of total
population |
% per year
of age band |
| 0 - 4 |
2,926,238 |
5.96 |
1.19 |
| 5 - 7 |
1,838,668 |
3.74 |
1.25 |
| 8 - 9 |
1,283,861 |
2.61 |
1.31 |
| 10 - 14 |
3,229,047 |
6.57 |
1.32 |
| 15 |
623,767 |
1.27 |
1.27 |
| 16 - 17 |
1,231,266 |
2.51 |
1.25 |
| 18 - 19 |
1,177,571 |
2.40 |
1.20 |
| 20 - 24 |
2,952,719 |
6.01 |
1.20 |
| 25 - 29 |
3,268,660 |
6.65 |
1.33 |
| 30 - 44 |
11,127,511 |
22.65 |
1.51 |
| 45 - 59 |
9,279,693 |
18.88 |
1.26 |
| 60 - 64 |
2,391,830 |
4.87 |
0.97 |
| 65 - 74 |
4,102,841 |
8.35 |
0.84 |
| 75 - 84 |
2,751,135 |
5.60 |
0.56 |
| 85 - 89 |
637,701 |
1.30 |
0.26 |
| 90+ |
316,323 |
0.64 |
- |
Life expectancy at birth[13]
- January 2001 - December 2003
- Males: 76.24 years
- Females: 80.72 years
- January 2002 - December 2004
- Males: 76.55 years
- Females: 80.91 years
- January 2003 - December 2005
- Males: 76.92 years
- Females: 81.14 years
Ethnicity
The 2001 census and 2009 estimates state the following ethnic groups:
| Ethnic group |
2001 population |
2001 percentage |
2009 population |
2009 percentage |
| White: British |
42,747,136 |
86.99% |
42,893,400 |
82.8% |
| White: Irish |
624,115 |
1.27% |
558,100 |
1.1% |
| White: Other |
1,308,110 |
2.66% |
1,861,800 |
3.6% |
| Asian or Asian British: Indian |
1,028,546 |
2.09% |
1,414,100 |
2.7% |
| Asian or Asian British: Pakistani |
706,539 |
1.44% |
990,700 |
1.9% |
| Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi |
275,394 |
0.56% |
384,300 |
0.7% |
| Asian or Asian British: Other South Asian |
237,810 |
0.48% |
377,700 |
0.7% |
| Black or Black British: Caribbean |
561,246 |
1.14% |
609,400 |
1.2% |
| Black or Black British: African |
475,938 |
0.97% |
787,500 |
1.5% |
| Black or Black British: Other |
95,324 |
0.19% |
124,500 |
0.2% |
| Mixed |
643,373 |
1.31% |
956,700 |
1.9% |
| Chinese or Other: Chinese |
220,681 |
0.45% |
439,500 |
0.8% |
| Chinese or Other: Other |
214,619 |
0.44% |
412,100 |
0.8% |
| Total |
49,138,831 |
100% |
51,809,700 |
100% |
These groups are often combined into broader categories:
| Ethnic group |
2001 population |
2001 percentage |
2009 population |
2009 percentage |
| White |
44,679,361 |
90.92% |
45,313,300 |
87.5% |
| Asian or Asian British |
2,248,289 |
4.58% |
3,166,800 |
6.0% |
| Black or Black British |
1,132,508 |
2.30% |
1,521,400 |
2.9% |
| Mixed |
643,373 |
1.31% |
956,700 |
1.9% |
| Chinese |
220,681 |
0.45% |
439,500 |
0.8% |
| Other |
214,619 |
0.44% |
412,100 |
0.8% |
- Source: KS06 Ethnic group: Census 2001, Key Statistics for local Authorities and KS06 Ethnic group: Estimates 2009.
Religion
- Source: UK census - Table KS07 Religion.
See also
Lists:
Notes
- ^ Estimates for 1541-1751 have been rounded to the nearest thousand
References
- ^ "National Statistics Online - Live births". Statistics.gov.uk. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=369. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
- ^ a b John Hatcher and Mark Bailey, Modelling the Middle Ages, Oxford University press, 2001, pg. 29
- ^ Stuart James Borsch, The Black Death in Egypt and England: a comparative study, University of Texas Press, 2005.
- ^ a b c d e f Wrigley and Schofield, "The Population History of England, 1541-1871. A reconstruction.", Harvard University Press, 1981, Table 7.8, pgs. 208-9, [1]
- ^ Notes for 1801 taken from Kent 1800-1899 - A Chronicle of the Nineteenth Century Bob Ogley (Froglets Publications 2003) ISBN 1-872337-51-1
- ^ National Statistics, 2001 Census
- ^ a b c http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_population/Population_trends_132.pdf
- ^ National Statistics, UK population grows to more than 60m (2006-08-24)
- ^ "National Statistics Online - Population Estimates". Statistics.gov.uk. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
- ^ "National Statistics Online - Product". Statistics.gov.uk. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=15106. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
- ^ http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_population/Current_QPEs_June95_Dec08.xls
- ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Age of English people in 2001". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1196700298808&enc=1&dsFamilyId=276. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
- ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. "Life Expectancy at Birth for City of London, London, England". Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?adminCompAndTimeId=20465%3A237&a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&r=1&e=13&f=20536&o=242&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004x1005&l=937&m=0&s=1196701459981&enc=1. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
- ^ Respondents who gave their religion as "Jedi" were counted in the "No Religion" category. Source: "Christianity is main religion in Britain". National Statistics. 2004-10-11. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=954&Pos=1&ColRank=2&Rank=224. Retrieved 2006-11-27. "No religion includes people who ticked 'None' at the religion question plus those who wrote in Jedi Knight, Agnostic, Atheist and Heathen and those who ticked 'Other' but did not write in any religion."
External links