Demographics of Paris

Contents

Historical population

Notes for the table:

Historical Population
City proper
Urban area
Metropolitan area
Comments
59 BC
25,000
 Gallic population of the city at the start of the Roman conquest of Gaul.
150 AD
80,000
 Peak of Roman era.
510
30,000
 Losses after invasions of 3rd and 4th centuries.
1000
20,000
 Lowest point after Viking invasions.
1200
110,000
 Recovery of the High Middle Ages.
1328
250,000
 Blossoming of the 13th century, golden age of King Saint Louis.
1500
200,000
 Losses of the Black Plague and the Hundred Years' War.
1550
275,000
 Renaissance recovery.
1594
210,000
 Losses of religious and civil wars.
1634
420,000
 Spectacular recovery under King Henry IV and Richelieu.
1700
515,000
1750
565,000
1789
630,000
 Peak of prosperous 18th century.
City proper
Urban area
Metropolitan area
Comments
1801
546,856
 Losses of French Revolution and wars.
1811
622,636
1817
718,966
1831
785,862
1835
1,000,000
1836
899,313
1841
935,261
1846
1,053,897
1851
1,053,262
1856
1,174,346
1861
1,696,141
 New city limits; population in 1856 in the new city limits was 1,538,613.
1863
2,000,000
 Fastest historical growth under Emperor Napoleon III and Haussmann.
1866
1,825,274
1872
1,851,792
 Temporary stagnation due to the losses of the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War and the civil war of the Paris Commune and the Third Republic's brutal retribution towards the city.
1876
1,988,806
1881
2,269,023
1885
3,000,000
1886
2,344,550
1891
2,447,957
1896
2,536,834
City proper
Urban area
Metropolitan area
Comments
1901
2,714,068
1905
4,000,000
1906
2,763,393
1911
2,888,110
4,500,000
1921
2,906,472
4,850,000
 Temporary stagnation due to losses of First World War.
1926
2,871,429
5,160,008
1931
2,891,020
5,674,419
1936
2,829,753
5,784,072
1946
2,725,374
5,600,000
 Losses of Second World War.
1954
2,850,189
6,436,296
1962
2,790,091
7,384,363
 Fastest population growth in the 20th century.
1968
2,590,771
8,196,746
8,368,000
 End of postwar baby boom, end of immigration surplus for Paris; henceforth migration flows from the rest of France become negative, population growth is significantly slower.
1975
2,299,830
8,549,898
9,096,000
1982
2,176,243
8,706,963
9,362,000
1990
2,152,423[1]
9,318,821[2]
10,291,851[3]
1999
2,125,851[1]
9,644,507[4]
11,174,743[5]
2008
2,211,297[1]
10,354,675[6]
12,089,098[7]
Sources:
  • City proper figures from 1801 on, urban area figures from 1954 on, and metropolitan area figures from 1990 on are official census figures.
  • City proper figures before 1801 and urban area figures before 1954 are estimates from various sources.
  • Metropolitan area figures before 1990 were reconstructed by Ph. Julien of INSEE by applying the current INSEE definition of metropolitan areas to past censuses.

Immigration

Since the Middle Ages, at which time it was the largest city of the Western World, Paris has always attracted foreigners. From the Dutch and Swedish students of the Latin Quarter in the 14th century to the English, Scottish and Irish Jacobite refugees in the 17th century, from the Polish nationalist refugees in the early 19th century to the Belgian, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish workers in the late 19th century, from the Sephardic Jews of North Africa in the middle of the 20th century to the Africans and Eastern Asians of today, Paris has received waves after waves of immigrants. Today, like other world cities, Paris is largely a multicultural city.

French censuses are forbidden to ask questions regarding ethnicity or religion, and therefore it is not possible to know the ethnic composition of the metropolitan area of Paris. Still, some relevant data can be extracted from French censuses. At the 1999 census, there were 2,169,406 people living in the metropolitan area of Greater Paris who were born outside of Metropolitan France, which was 19.4% of the total population of the metropolitan area. As a comparison: at the 2001 UK census, 19.5% of the total population of the Greater London metropolitan area was born outside of the (metropolitan) United Kingdom,[8] while at the 2000 US census 27.5% of the total population of the New York metropolitan area was born outside of the United States, and 31.9% of the total population of the Greater Los Angeles area was born outside of the United States. Over 42% of the population in the Greater Toronto Area was born outside of Canada.

At the 1999 French census, there were 474,768 people living in the metropolitan area of Greater Paris who were living outside of Metropolitan France in 1990, which was 4.2% of the total population of the metropolitan area in 1999.

Patterns of immigration to Paris have changed significantly in the 1990s. Portuguese immigration has significantly decreased, while immigration from other regions of the world has increased. The most important groups of immigrants today are the following:

Compared with the United Kingdom, South Asian immigrants are still not very numerous in Paris, although their presence significantly increased in the 1990s. Compared with the United States, Latin American and Filipino immigrants are extremely few in Paris; by contrast, the Paris region has a sizeable population of Argentine and Chilean exiles who escaped those nations' dictatorships in the 1970s). Middle Eastern immigrants are also relatively few (compared to those of the Maghreb), although there is a sizeable Lebanese community (mostly Christian and affluent), due to the old ties between France and Lebanon, as well as an important Turkish and Kurdish population. Russians are also extremely few in Paris, despite an old tradition of White Russian presence in Paris following the Communist revolution of 1917, and before of anarchist and socialist Russians.

Finally, it should be remembered that the figures given here are for people permanently living in the metropolitan area of Paris. However, Paris is the most visited city in the world, with a massive influx of tourists at any time in the year (over 75 million a year, which is more than the whole population of France). Most of these visitors are foreigners, so that on any day of the year the actual foreign population being present in the metropolitan area of Paris is probably higher than the 19.4% figure given above. This fact is most felt in the center of the city of Paris, where it is possible to walk in some streets where most people encountered are tourists.

Immigrants and their children in départements of Île-de-France (Greater Paris), Insee 2006

According to INSEE, French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies, responsible for the production and analysis of official statistics in France, 20% of people living in the city of Paris are immigrants and 41.3% of people under 20 have at least one immigrant parent.[9] Among the young people under 18, 12.1% are of Maghrebi origin, 9.9% of Subsaharan African origin (not including Blacks from French West Indies) and 4.0% of South European origin.[10] About 35% of people (4 millions) living in Greater Paris, are either immigrant (17%) or born to at least one immigrant parent (18%). [11]

Département Immigrants Children under 20 with at least one immigrant parent
Number % département % Ile-de-France Number % département % Ile-de-France
Paris (75) 436'576 20 22.4 162'635 41.3 15.4
Seine-Saint-Denis (93) 394'831 26.5 20.2 234'837 57.1 22.2
Hauts-de-Seine (92) 250'190 16.3 12.8 124'501 34 11.8
Val-de-Marne (94) 234'633 18.1 12 127'701 40 12.1
Val-d’Oise (95) 185'890 16.1 9.5 124'644 38.5 11.8
Yvelines (78) 161'869 11.6 8.3 98'755 26.4 9.3
Essonne (91) 150'980 12.6 7.7 94'003 29.6 8.9
Seine-et-Marne (77) 135'654 10.7 7 90'319 26 8.5
Île-de-France 1'950'623 16.9 100 1'057'394 37.1 100

Reading: 436 576 immigrants live in Paris, representing 20 % of Parisians and 22.4 % of immigrants in Ile-de-France. 162 635 children under 20 with at least one immigrant parent live in Paris, representing 41.3% of the total of children under 20 in Paris and 15.4 % of the total of children under 20 with at least one immigrant parent in Ile-de-France.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Commune : Paris (75056)". http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?zoneSearchField=PARIS&codeZone=75056-COM&idTheme=3. Retrieved 2011-10-21. 
  2. ^ "Tableau 1 - Unités urbaines de plus de 50 000 habitants". p. 5. http://bergamo.ens.fr/public/RP90/lil-0140n1.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-21. 
  3. ^ "Paris (001-Aire urbaine 90) - E_DEMO - Évolutions démographiques 1982-1999". http://www.recensement-1999.insee.fr/default.asp?asp_action=produit&c_typeprod=DDS&c_prod=E_DEMO&c_theme=ALL&c_codgeo=001&c_nivgeo=G. Retrieved 2011-10-21. 
  4. ^ "Paris (00851-Unité urbaine 99) - E_DEMO - Évolutions démographiques 1982-1999". http://www.recensement-1999.insee.fr/default.asp?asp_action=produit&c_typeprod=DDS&c_prod=E_DEMO&c_theme=ALL&c_codgeo=00851&c_nivgeo=U. Retrieved 2011-10-21. 
  5. ^ "Paris (001-Aire urbaine 99) - E_DEMO - Évolutions démographiques 1982-1999". http://www.recensement-1999.insee.fr/default.asp?asp_action=produit&c_typeprod=DDS&c_prod=E_DEMO&c_theme=ALL&c_codgeo=001&c_nivgeo=M. Retrieved 2011-10-21. 
  6. ^ "Unité urbaine 2010 : Paris (00851)". http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&plusieursReponses=true&zoneSearchField=PARIS&codeZone=00851-UU2010&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher. Retrieved 2011-10-21. 
  7. ^ "Aire urbaine 2010 : Paris (001)". http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&plusieursReponses=true&zoneSearchField=PARIS&codeZone=001-AU2010&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher. Retrieved 2011-10-21. 
  8. ^ UK Census 2001 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/H-A.asp
  9. ^ Les immigrés et leur famille en Île-de-France, Note rapide Société, n° 552, Juin 2011
  10. ^ Michèle Tribalat, Les jeunes d'origine étrangère in Revue Commentaire, juin 2009, n°126, p.434
  11. ^ Les descendants d'immigrés vivant en Île-de-France, IAU Idf, Note rapide Société, n° 531