Cynesige | |
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Archbishop of York | |
Province | York |
Diocese | Diocese of York |
See | Archbishop of York |
Appointed | 1051 |
Reign ended | 20 January 1060 |
Predecessor | Ælfric Puttoc |
Successor | Ealdred |
Orders | |
Consecration | 1051 |
Personal details | |
Birth name | Cynesige |
Died | 20 January 1060 |
Buried | Peterborough Cathedral |
Cynesige (or Kynsige;[1] died 1060) was a medieval Archbishop of York for nine years between 1051 and 1060.
Cynesige perhaps came from Rutland, as he owned the manor of Tinwell there later in life.[1] The Liber Eliensis claimed that he had been born by Caesarian section, but this is most likely a later accretion to his lifestory, added after his death because of efforts to have him declared a saint. The belief was that for an infant to survive a caesarian section was a miracle, and thus a fitting beginning for a future saint.[2]
Cynesige had been a royal clerk prior to his appointment to York in 1051,[3][4] although the monks of Peterborough Abbey maintained that he had been a monk in their house.[1] It is possible he was both a monk and a royal clerk.[2] He delayed his visit to Rome to receive his pallium until 1055, when he was given it by Pope Victor II.[5] During his time as archbishop he consecrated both John and Michael as Bishops of Glasgow sometime after 1055,[6] although the two bishops probably never lived in their diocese.[1] John may have ended up as the Bishop of Mecklenburg in Germany.[7] Cynesige dedicated the church of the Abbey of Waltham Holy Cross in the presence of King Edward the Confessor around 3 May 1060.[6][8] He also expanded and embellished York Minster and other churches in his archdiocese,[9] and built the tower at Beverley,[10] as well as giving books and other items to the church there.[11]
Cynesige consecrated Herewald as Bishop of Llandaff at a council held at London in 1056,[1] although this information is only attested in the Book of Llandaff, a sometimes unreliable source.[12] In 1059 he, along with Earl Tostig and Æthelwine Bishop of Durham, escorted Malcolm III of Scotland to King Edward's court at Gloucester when Malcolm came south, probably to thank Edward for his help in restoring Malcolm to the Scottish throne, and perhaps to acknowledge the English king as Malcolm's lord.[13][14]
Cynesige died on 20 January 1060.[4] and was buried at Peterborough, in what is now Peterborough Cathedral.[15] After his death, he was honored as a saint by the monks at Peterborough,[16] although the cult does not seem to have spread far. His bones, along with those of his predecessor Aelfric Puttoc, were found in 1643.[1] His reputation for sanctity and poverty was based on his actions, as he often traveled on foot, and spent much time preaching and giving alms.[11] The Northumbrian Priests' Law which is usually attributed to Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York, might have been authored instead by Cynesige, or possibly Cynesige's predecessor Aelfric Puttoc.[17] He gave gifts to Peterborough in his will, but the gifts were taken by Queen Edith of Wessex instead.[11]
Catholic Church titles | ||
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Preceded by Ælfric Puttoc |
Archbishop of York 1051–1060 |
Succeeded by Ealdred |