| Industry | Steel industry |
|---|---|
| Successor | Usinor, then Arcelor, ultimately ArcelorMittal as the subsidiary "ArcelorMittal Liege" |
| Founded | 1981 |
| Defunct | 1999 |
| Headquarters | Liege, Belgium |
Cockerill-Sambre was a group of Belgian steel manufacturers headquartered in Seraing (province of Liège), on the Meuse River, and in Charleroi, on the shore of the Sambre River.
The Cockerill-Sambre group was formed in 1981 by the merger of two Belgian steel groups; Cockerill based in Seraing (Liege province), and Hainaut-Sambre based in Charleroi in the province of Hainaut; both being the result of post second world war consolidations of the Belgian steel industry.
The company inherited a steel industry with significant debts and production overcapacity based on blast furnace production rather than electric furnace recycling, with numerous factory sites in constrained city locations, and adversely affected by competition in the export market from new steel producing countries such as South Korea and Brasil. The need to streamline was complicated by regional dependence on employment by the steel industry.
It was merged into Usinor in 1998, and after 2002 was part of the Arcelor group. As of 2010 the bulk of the group is part of the ArcelorMittal multinational steel group, where it is known as ArcelorMittal Liege.
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The Cockerill group's name came from the British born industrialist John Cockerill who founded the John Cockerill company (John Cockerill & Cie) in 1817. In the first few decades of its existence it rose to become a major integrated steel company, not only producing iron in blast furnaces, but also producing machines and other articles from the metal. After Cockerill's death in 1840 the company became the state owned Société anonyme John Cockerill, and an international scale producer of iron and steel metal and products.
In 1955 the company merged with Ougrée-Marihaye and Ferblatil[note 1][1] to from Cockerill-Ougrée; the new company had a total steel production of over 2 million tonnes, and employed over 45,000 people in 1957.[2]
In 1961 Tolmatil was became part of Cockerill-Ougrée,[3][note 2] in 1962 it participated in the founding of Sidmar contributing 1bn Belgian francs of the companies 4.5bn capital.[3] Further consolidation of companies occurred in 1966 when it merged with Les Forges de la Providence, a Belgian steelmaker with plants in northern France with three steel plants; in Réhon[4] and Hautmont, (France) and in Marchienne-au-Pont, (Belgium) adding over 35,000 persons to the company. The new company was named Cockerill-Ougrée-Providence, and had a production capacity of 5million tonnes of steel.[2]
In 1970 the company merged with the Liege based Société Métallurgique d'Espérance Longdoz, forming Cockerill-Ougrée-Providence et Espérance Longdoz;[5] the new group was the fifth largest steelmaker in the EEC, with a steel production capacity of 7million tonnes; the new group contained all the steel producing companies in the Liege basin.[2]
In 1975 the company sold its 25% stake in Sidmar to Arbed.[6] In 1979 the Forges de la Providence company was sold to Thy-Marcinelle et Monceau (TMM), disposing of the groups interests outside the Liege area;[7] the resulting Liege based group being known simply as Cockerill.
The company then merged with the Charleroi based steel group Hainaut-Sambre in 1981 to form Cockerill-Sambre.[8][9]
The merger to form Cockerill-Sambre was announced on 16 January 1981,[10] and the company came into being on 26 June 1981.[11] The company inherited a debt equivalent to 1363million Eur from Cockerill and a similar amount from Hainaut-Sambre.[12] A rescue plan was drawn up by consultant Jean Gandois in 1983,[13] the aim was to return the company by 1985, which was a prerequisite for sanction by the European Commission of a government backed investment plan (the second Claes plan).[14] One consequence of the restructuring was that, of 22,000 workers (1983) nearly 8,000 would no longer be required by 1986 in addition to production cuts and closures.[15]
The phenix works and EKO Stahl (in Eisenhüttenstadt) were absorbed in 1989 and 1994 respectively.[9]
In 1999 the group became part of the French steel group Usinor; in 2002 another merger, this time with Arbed and Aceralia of Luxembourg and Spain, to form the continental western European steel giant Arcelor.