Chuiwan (Chinese: 捶丸; pinyin: Chuíwán; literally "ball-hitting") was a game in ancient China. Its rules resemble modern golf.
The book Dongxuan lu (東軒錄), written by Wei Tai (fl. 1050–1100) of the Song Dynasty, describes how a southern Tang official teaches his daughter how to dig goals in the ground and drive a ball into them.[1] The game became popular by the Song Dynasty; and a work called Wan jing (丸經 – literally "ball-treatise") of the Yuan Dynasty was specially devoted to it.[1] The latest documents about chuiwan in China are from the two paintings of the Ming Dynasty from the 15th century.[1] There is a colour image of the mural painting still preserved on the wall of a Water God Temple in Hongdong, Shanxi.[1] A Chinese scholar suggested the game was exported to Europe and then Scotland by Mongolian travellers in the late Middle Ages.