| Zhenjiang 镇江 |
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| — Prefecture-level city — | |
| 镇江市 | |
| Location of Zhenjiang City (yellow) in Jiangsu | |
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Zhenjiang
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jiangsu |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Xu Jinrong (许津荣) |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 3,799 km2 (1,466.8 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,059 km2 (408.9 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 census) | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 3,113,384 |
| • Urban | 1,189,320 |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Postal code | 212000, 212100 (Urban center) 212200-212400 (Other areas) |
| Area code(s) | 511 |
| GDP | ¥167.2 billion (2009) |
| GDP per capita | ¥54,732 (2009) |
| Major Nationalities | Han - 99.43% Hui Uyghur Kazak Tatar |
| County-level divisions | 6 |
| Township-level divisions | 77 |
| License Plate Prefix | 苏L |
| Website | http://www.zhenjiang.gov.cn |
Zhenjiang (simplified Chinese: 镇江; traditional Chinese: 鎮江; pinyin: Zhènjiāng; Wade-Giles: Chen-chiang) is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Jiangsu province in the eastern People's Republic of China (PRC). Sitting on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, it borders the provincial capital of Nanjing to the west, Changzhou to the east, and Yangzhou across the river to the north.
Once known as Jingjiang (京江, Wade-Giles Chingkiang) or Jingkou (京口 Wade-Giles Chingk'ou), Zhenjiang is today an important transportation hub owing to its location near the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Grand Canal.
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The prefecture-level city of Zhenjiang administers 6 county-level divisions, including 3 districts and 3 county-level cities.
These are further divided into 77 township-level divisions, including 66 towns, 1 township and 10 subdistricts.
Zhenjiang Export Processing Zone was approved by the State Council on March 10, 2003 with a total planned area of 2.53 square kilometers. The first-phrase project completed in December 2003 covers 0.91 square kilometers and was certified by the Customs General Administration and other seven ministries for operation on Dec.24, 2003. Zhenjiang Export Processing Zone is located close to Changzhou Airport and Zhenjiang Port.[1]
Zhenjiang was the seat of feudal domains from the 8th century BC onwards, known first as Zhufangyi and later as Kuyangyi. After it was captured by Qin Shi Huang, the first Chinese emperor, in 221 BC, it became a county town and was given the name Dantu. It became the seat of a higher administrative division during the middle of the 3rd Century BC. Conquered by the Sui dynasty in 581 AD, it was made a garrison to guard the entrance to the Yangtze River, hence its name which means "Garrison [of the] River". In 595 it became a full county or jun (郡). Its importance grew with the building of a precursor to the Grand Canal, when it became the chief collection and forwarding center for tax grain paid by residents of the Yangtse delta region.
The city reached its zenith under the Song dynasty (960-1279), when it produced fine silks, satins, and silverware for the emperors. In a garden estate on the outskirts of Zhenjiang, the scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031-1095 AD) lived the rest of his days in isolation, where he wrote his famous Dream Pool Essays (1088). In about 1300, a census reported that some Nestorian Christians were living in Zhenjiang.
Zhenjiang suffered from strife during the First Opium War (1839–42) when it was captured by the British at the Battle of Chinkiang on 21 July 1842, and again during the Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864). Zhenjiang declined economically with the closure of the northern portion of the Grand Canal in the 1850s, and the obstruction of the entrance to the southern canal in the 20th century.
From 1928 to 1949, during the Nationalist (Guomindang) regime of Chiang Kaishek, Zhenjiang was made the capital of Jiangsu Province, while Nanjing (the present-day capital of Jiangsu) served as the capital of China.
Zhenjiang is still one of China's busiest ports for domestic commerce, serving as a hub for trade between northern Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and Shanghai. The trade mostly consists of grain, cotton, oils, and lumber. The other main industries are mostly in the field of food processing and paper pulp manufacturing. It is famous among Chinese for its heroic resistance against the British (in 1842) and the Japanese (in the Second World War).
Zhenjiang natives speak a dialect of Lower Yangtze (Jianghuai) Mandarin Chinese, at the edge of a linguistic border with the Wu language.
In a park on the edge of Zhenjiang there is a spring which was described in the Tang dynasty (618-907 AD) as being the best in Jiangsu for the making of tea, now famous as "Number One Lifespring Under Heaven".
The hilly scenery in Zhenjiang's southern suburbs was considered beautiful enough to be the theme of many landscapes by Chinese painters.
Near the Zhenjiang Museum in Boxian Park is the Shaozong Library, which among other documents contains a 100-volume collection of old sayings and proverbs, dating from the 7th to 11th centuries.
Zhenjiang is home to the Silkworm Raising Research Institute of the Academy of Agricultural Science of China.
A local specialty is a steamed meat pastry called Crab Cream Bun. Other famous special products include fragrant black vinegar (鎮江香醋), pork (镇江肴肉), and pickles.
Because of its strategic location on the Yangtze River, Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China, believed that the power of fengshui in Zhenjiang was too strong, so he ordered 3,000 prisoners to dig a tunnel through a hill to divert the power away.
In the traditional Chinese story Madame White Snake, a magical, 1000 year-old snake who could take the form of a woman escapes through a cave in Gold Hill (金山 Jin Shan), to be reunited with her lover in the far-away city of Hangzhou.
Public institutions having full-time Bachelor's degree programs include Jiangsu University (江苏大学) and the Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (江苏科技大学).
Zhenjiang is twinned with:
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