| Canal+ | |
|---|---|
| Launched | 4 November 1984 |
| Owned by | Canal+ Group |
| Picture format | 576i (SDTV) 1080i (HDTV) |
| Audience share | 3.1% (2011, Médiamétrie) |
| Slogan | Créateur original de programmes originaux |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |
| Headquarters | Issy-les-Moulineaux |
| Website | www.canalplus.fr |
Canal+ ("Canal Plus", "C+", meaning "Channel Plus/More" in French) (Euronext: AN) is a French premium pay television channel launched in 1984. It is 80% owned by the Canal+ Group, which in turn is owned by Vivendi SA. The channel broadcasts several kinds of programming, mostly encrypted. The un-encrypted programmes can be viewed free of charge on Canal+ and on satellite on Canal+ Clair (Clear).
Canal+ is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) initiative (a consortium of broadcasting and Internet industry companies including SES, OpenTV and Institut für Rundfunktechnik) that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.
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After the announcement about the launch of the fourth French television channel, Canal+ started broadcasting on 4 November 1984. In 1986, the channel had one million subscribers. It has produced numerous auteur films, including David Lynch's The Straight Story, Mulholland Dr., and Inland Empire.
With the launch of the digital satellite platform Canalsatellite on 27 April 1996, Canal+ received two new sister channels: Canal+ Jaune and Canal+ Bleu.[1] A fourth channel, called Canal+ Vert came along on 31 August 1998. The channels changed their names to Canal+ Décalé, Canal+ Cinéma and Canal+ Sport.
In September 2005, Canal+, Canal+ Cinéma and Canal+ Sport started broadcasting in the French digital terrestrial television network. The free-to-air parts of Canal+ had already been broadcasting for a few months by then. In August 2008, Canal+ started broadcasting the encrypted parts of its main channel in high-definition in the terrestrial network. Canal+ plans to turn off the analogue terrestrial signals by 2010.[2]
An account of the rise of Canal+ and CanalSatellite, and the establishment of the Canal+ Group as a major satellite broadcaster in Europe is given in the book, High Above, which tell the story of the foundation and development of the leading European satellite operator, Astra.
| 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,1% | 3,9% | 4,3% | 4,4% | 4,3% | 4,6% | 5,0% | 4,9% | 4,6% | 4,4% |
| January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 4,3% | 4,4% | 4,4% | 5,0% | 4,8% | 4,9% | 4,5% | 4,5% | |||||
| 1997 | 4,6% | 4,5% | 4,8% | 4,6% | 4,9% | 4,6% | 3,3% | 3,7% | 5,0% | 4,8% | 4,7% | 4,8% | 4,5% |
| 1998 | 4,3% | 4,4% | 4,6% | 4,5% | 4,5% | 5,8% | 4,5% | 3,7% | 4,8% | 4,9% | 5,0% | 4,7% | 4,6% |
| 1999 | 4,8% | 4,6% | 4,8% | 4,2% | 4,7% | 4,1% | 3,7% | 3,9% | 5,1% | 4,9% | 5,0% | 4,2% | 4,5% |
| 2000 | 4,4% | 4,5% | 4,7% | 4,4% | 4,2% | 3,3% | 3,1% | 3,5% | 4,4% | 3,9% | 4,2% | 3,8% | 4,1% |
| 2001 | 3,7% | 4,0% | 3,8% | 3,8% | 3,6% | 2,9% | 2,5% | 3,2% | 4,0% | 3,7% | 3,9% | 3,6% | 3,6% |
| 2002 | 3,5% | 3,8% | 3,7% | 4,0% | 3,4% | 2,7% | 2,5% | 3,2% | 4,0% | 3,7% | 3,9% | 3,5% | 3,5% |
| 2003 | 3,6% | 3,7% | 3,3% | 3,8% | 3,8% | 3,2% | 2,9% | 3,5% | 4,1% | 4,0% | 4,4% | 4,1% | 3,7% |
| 2004 | 3,8% | 4,1% | 4,0% | 4,0% | 3,7% | 3,1% | 2,6% | 3,8% | 4,1% | 4,0% | 4,3% | 3,7% | 3,8% |
| 2005 | 3,9% | 3,8% | 4,0% | 3,8% | 3,8% | 3,4% | 2,4% | 3,2% | 3,7% | 3,8% | 3,8% | 3,2% | 3,6% |
| 2006 | 3,6% | 3,5% | 3,5% | 3,3% | 3,2% | 3,3% | 2,5% | 2,6% | 4,0% | 3,5% | 3,9% | 3,6% | 3,4% |
| 2007 | 3,5% | 4,1% | 3,9% | 3,9% | 3,8% | 3,0% | 2,3% | 2,7% | 3,3% | 3,4% | 3,5% | 3,6% | 3,4% |
| 2008 | 3,3% | 3,8% | 3,4% | 3,6% | 3,2% | 2,6% | 1,9% | 3,3% | 3,8% | 3,8% | 3,7% | 3,5% | 3,3% |
| 2009 | 3,2% | 3,3% | 3,6% | 3,6% | 3,6% | 2,7% | 1,6% | 2,5% | 3,2% | 3,2% | 3,3% | 2,9% | 3,1% |
| 2010 | 3,0% | 2,9% | 3,1% | 3,6% | 3,1% | 3,4% | 1,9% | 2,3% | 3,6% | 3,3% | 3,5% | 2,8% | 3,1% |
| 2011 | 3.1% | 3.2% | 3.3% | 3.4% | 3.6% | 3.0% | 1.7% | 2.2% | 3.4% | 3.2% | 3.4% |
Les Chaînes Canal+[3] is the brand name used for all the Canal+-branded channels in France. Prior to 2008 it was called Canal+ Le Bouquet.
| Channel | Launched | Notes | Availability | Format | Broadcast Hours | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Terrest. SECAM |
DTT | Satellite, IPTV |
Cable | |||||
| Canal+ | 1984 | No | 4 | 4 | 4 | 16:9 SDTV | 24 hours | |
| Canal+ HD | 2006 | previously known as Canal+ 16/9 then as Canal+ Hi-Tech | No | 4 | 182 | 354 | 16:9 HDTV | 24 hours |
| Canal+ Cinéma | 1996 | A dedicated movie channel, previously known as Canal+ Jaune | No | 31 | 10 | 402 | 16:9 SDTV | 24 hours |
| Canal+ Sport | 1998 | A sports channel, previously known as Canal+ Vert | No | 32 | 11 | 403 | 16:9 SDTV | 24 hours |
| Canal+ Family | 2007 | A children's channel | No | No | 12 | 405 | 16:9 SDTV | 24 hours |
| Canal+ Décalé | 1996 | Shows repeats of programs shown on Canal+, previously known as Canal+ Bleu | No | No | 13 | 401 | 16:9 SDTV | 24 hours |
| Canal+3D | 2010 | Shows repeats of programs shown on many other channels in 3D | No | No | 13 | 401 | 1080p 3DTV | 24 hours |
Those channels are sold as a package on Satellite and DSL TV. On digital terrestrial television, only Canal+, Canal+ 3D, Canal+ Cinéma and Canal+ Sport are available in widescreen with Dolby Digital surround sound.
As Canal+ was launched in new markets the brand has been used in several countries. When launching additional channels the channels were usually given colour-coded names, such as Canal+ Blue and Canal+ Green. Many of these subsidiaries have been sold, and as of 2007 only the Spanish and Polish Canal+ were partially owned by French Canal+.
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