21-Hydroxylase

Steroid 21-monooxygenase
Identifiers
EC number 1.14.99.10
CAS number 9029-68-9
Databases
IntEnz IntEnz view
BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology AmiGO / EGO
Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
Identifiers
Symbols CYP21A2; CA21H; CAH1; CPS1; CYP21; CYP21B; MGC150536; MGC150537; P450c21B
External IDs OMIM613815 MGI88591 HomoloGene68063 GeneCards: CYP21A2 Gene
EC number 1.14.99.10
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 1589 13079
Ensembl ENSG00000168482 ENSMUSG00000024365
UniProt P08686 A0JP50
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000500.7 NM_009995.2
RefSeq (protein) NP_000491.4 NP_034125.2
Location (UCSC) Chr c6_COX:
32.1 – 32.1 Mb
Chr 17:
34.94 – 34.94 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]

Steroid 21-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that is involved with the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones aldosterone and cortisol.[1]

In humans, 21-Hydroxylase is encoded by the gene CYP21A2.[2]

Contents

Names and classification

21-Hydroxylase is also called steroid 21-monooxygenase, 21α-Hydroxylase, and, less commonly 21β-Hydroxylase.

Function

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and hydroxylates steroids at the 21 position. Its activity is required for the synthesis of steroid hormones including cortisol and aldosterone.[3]

Reaction

21-Hydroxylase catalyses the hydroxylation of the carbon atom 21 in steroids (adding an "–OH"), which is necessary with the formation of these hormones.

Steroid numbering - #21 is near center top  

Pathway

Clinical significance

A defect within the CYP21A2 gene causes a disturbance of the development of the enzyme, which leads to congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. A related pseudogene is located near this gene; gene conversion events involving the functional gene and the pseudogene are thought account for many cases of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.[3]

References

Further reading

  • White PC, Tusie-Luna MT, New MI, Speiser PW (1994). "Mutations in steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21).". Hum. Mutat. 3 (4): 373–8. doi:10.1002/humu.1380030408. PMID 8081391. 
  • Helmberg A (1993). "Twin genes and endocrine disease: CYP21 and CYP11B genes.". Acta Endocrinol. 129 (2): 97–108. PMID 8372604. 
  • de-Araujo M, Sanches MR, Suzuki LA, et al. (1996). "Molecular analysis of CYP21 and C4 genes in Brazilian families with the classical form of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.". Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 29 (1): 1–13. PMID 8731325. 
  • Yu CY (1999). "Molecular genetics of the human MHC complement gene cluster.". Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 15 (4): 213–30. doi:10.1159/000019075. PMID 10072631. 
  • Forest MG, Tardy V, Nicolino M, et al. (2005). "21-Hydroxylase deficiency: an exemplary model of the contribution of molecular biology in the understanding and management of the disease.". Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris) 66 (3): 225–32. PMID 15988383. 

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.