CNKSR2

Connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2

Rendering based on PDB 2EAN.
Identifiers
Symbols CNKSR2; CNK2; KIAA0902; KSR2; MAGUIN
External IDs OMIM: 300724 MGI: 2661175 HomoloGene: 8956 GeneCards: CNKSR2 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 22866 245684
Ensembl ENSG00000149970 ENSMUSG00000025658
UniProt Q8WXI2 Q80YA9
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001168647.1 NM_177751.2
RefSeq (protein) NP_001162118.1 NP_808419.1
Location (UCSC) Chr X:
21.39 – 21.67 Mb		 Chr X:
154.26 – 154.48 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]

Connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of ras 2, also known as CNK homolog protein 2 (CNK2) or maguin (membrane-associated guanylate kinase-interacting protein), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CNKSR2 gene.[1]

Contents

Function

CNKSR2 is a multidomain protein that functions as a scaffold protein to mediate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways downstream from Ras. This gene product is induced by vitamin D and inhibits apoptosis in certain cancer cells. It may also play a role in ternary complex assembly of synaptic proteins at the postsynaptic membrane and coupling of signal transduction to membrane/cytoskeletal remodeling.[1]

Mechanism of action

It is the mammalian homolog of the Drosophilia gene Cnk, which is known to bind Raf, and is implicated in ras signalling. It has been show that CNKSR2 is also a Raf binding protein, and is assumed to function in bringing together the Ras signalling complex at the post synaptic density.[2]

It is known to have two isoforms, one of which binds PSD95 and S-SCAM (synaptic scaffolding molecule) through its PDZ domain, and another which does not. Both of the isoforms are however known to be synaptically localized, and it is understood that this is mediated by the Pleckstrin homology domain. It's synaptic localization is not known to be affected by NMDA receptor activation. Overexpression of Maguin's C-terminal PDZ domain is known to repress synaptic localization of PSD95. In cultures, MAGUIN colocalizes with PSD95 and synaptophysin at puncta in neurites, and these puncta are first visible at 6DIV.

Proteomic work done on binding partners of Ksr2 suggests that the CNKSR2/KSR2 complex may play a role in mediating crosstalk between the MAPK, Pi3K and insulin pathways.[3] It was found to form a complex with MEK1 (Erk2, p38), MEK2, cdk4, PI3k, the phosphatases PP2A and PP^ , and also various translational, ribosomal, transport and structural proteins. It remains to be established how many of these are affected by CNKSR2, and whether this remains true for Ksr2 in the nervous system.

Densin-180 is another important synaptic protein found to interact with CNKSR2. It is known to bind at its C-terminal PDZ domain. In transfected cells, no association could be found between PSD95 and Densin-180 without the presence of CNKSR2.[4] This brings it into a complex with CamKII and β-catenin, and further to the binding partners of CNKSR2 suggest that CNKSR2 may have a role in dendritic branching.

References

  1. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: CNKSR2 connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=22866. 
  2. ^ Iida J, Nishimura W, Yao I, Hata Y (May 2002). "Synaptic localization of membrane-associated guanylate kinase-interacting protein mediated by the pleckstrin homology domain". Eur. J. Neurosci. 15 (9): 1493–8. doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.01987.x. PMID 12028359. 
  3. ^ Liu L, Channavajhala PL, Rao VR, Moutsatsos I, Wu L, Zhang Y, Lin LL, Qiu Y (October 2009). "Proteomic characterization of the dynamic KSR-2 interactome, a signaling scaffold complex in MAPK pathway". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1794 (10): 1485–95. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.06.016. PMID 19563921. 
  4. ^ Yao I, Hata Y, Ide N, Hirao K, Deguchi M, Nishioka H, Mizoguchi A, Takai Y (April 1999). "MAGUIN, a novel neuronal membrane-associated guanylate kinase-interacting protein". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (17): 11889–96. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.17.11889. PMID 10207009. 

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.