CLCN1

Chloride channel 1, skeletal muscle

Identifiers

CLCN1; CLC1; MGC138361; MGC142055

External IDs

OMIM: 118425 MGI: 88417 HomoloGene: 63 GeneCards: CLCN1 Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• voltage-gated ion channel activity • voltage-gated chloride channel activity • chloride channel activity
Cellular component	• integral to plasma membrane • membrane • chloride channel complex • sarcolemma
Biological process	• transport • ion transport • chloride transport • muscle contraction • neuronal action potential propagation • transmembrane transport
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 7:
143.01 – 143.05 Mb

Chr 6:
42.24 – 42.27 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

The CLCN family of voltage-dependent chloride channel genes comprises nine members (CLCN1-7, Ka and Kb) which demonstrate quite diverse functional characteristics while sharing significant sequence homology. The protein encoded by this gene regulates the electric excitability of the skeletal muscle membrane. Mutations in this gene cause two forms of inherited human muscle disorders: recessive generalized myotonia congenita (Becker) and dominant myotonia (Thomsen).^[1]

Chloride channel protein, skeletal muscle (CLCN1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLCN1 gene.^[2] Mutations in this protein cause congenital myotonia.

CLCN1 is critical for the normal function of skeletal muscle cells. For the body to move normally, skeletal muscles must tense (contract) and relax in a coordinated way. Muscle contraction and relaxation are controlled by the flow of ions into and out of muscle cells. CLCN1 forms an ion channel that controls the flow of negatively charged chloride ions into these cells. The main function of this channel is to stabilize the cells' electrical charge, enabling muscles to contract normally.

In people with congenital myotonia due to a mutation in CLCN1, the ion channel admits too few chloride ions into the cell. This shortage of chloride ions causes prolonged muscle contractions, which are the hallmark of myotonia.

1 See also
2 External links
3 References
4 Further reading

External links

References

^ "Entrez Gene: CLCN1 chloride channel 1, skeletal muscle (Thomsen disease, autosomal dominant)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1180.
^ Koch MC, Steinmeyer K, Lorenz C, Ricker K, Wolf F, Otto M, Zoll B, Lehmann-Horn F, Grzeschik KH, Jentsch TJ (Sep 1992). "The skeletal muscle chloride channel in dominant and recessive human myotonia". Science 257 (5071): 797–800. doi:10.1126/science.1379744. PMID 1379744.

Hudson AJ, Ebers GC, Bulman DE (1995). "The skeletal muscle sodium and chloride channel diseases.". Brain 118 ( Pt 2): 547–63. PMID 7735894.
Uchida S, Sasaki S, Marumo F (1996). "Chloride transport across kidney epithelia through CLC chloride channels.". Nippon Jinzo Gakkai shi 38 (7): 285–9. PMID 8741388.
Fahlke C (2000). "Molecular mechanisms of ion conduction in ClC-type chloride channels: lessons from disease-causing mutations.". Kidney Int. 57 (3): 780–6. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00915.x. PMID 10720929.
Pusch M (2002). "Myotonia caused by mutations in the muscle chloride channel gene CLCN1.". Hum. Mutat. 19 (4): 423–34. doi:10.1002/humu.10063. PMID 11933197.
Colding-Jørgensen E (2005). "Phenotypic variability in myotonia congenita.". Muscle Nerve 32 (1): 19–34. doi:10.1002/mus.20295. PMID 15786415.
Isobe M, Erikson J, Emanuel BS et al. (1985). "Location of gene for beta subunit of human T-cell receptor at band 7q35, a region prone to rearrangements in T cells". Science 228 (4699): 580–2. doi:10.1126/science.3983641. PMID 3983641.
Lehmann-Horn F, Mailänder V, Heine R, George AL (1995). "Myotonia levior is a chloride channel disorder". Hum. Mol. Genet. 4 (8): 1397–402. doi:10.1093/hmg/4.8.1397. PMID 7581380.
George AL, Sloan-Brown K, Fenichel GM et al. (1995). "Nonsense and missense mutations of the muscle chloride channel gene in patients with myotonia congenita". Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (11): 2071–2. PMID 7874130.
Lorenz C, Meyer-Kleine C, Steinmeyer K et al. (1994). "Genomic organization of the human muscle chloride channel CIC-1 and analysis of novel mutations leading to Becker-type myotonia". Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (6): 941–6. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.6.941. PMID 7951242.
Heine R, George AL, Pika U et al. (1995). "Proof of a non-functional muscle chloride channel in recessive myotonia congenita (Becker) by detection of a 4 base pair deletion". Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (7): 1123–8. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.7.1123. PMID 7981681.
George AL, Crackower MA, Abdalla JA et al. (1995). "Molecular basis of Thomsen's disease (autosomal dominant myotonia congenita)". Nat. Genet. 3 (4): 305–10. doi:10.1038/ng0493-305. PMID 7981750.
Steinmeyer K, Lorenz C, Pusch M et al. (1994). "Multimeric structure of ClC-1 chloride channel revealed by mutations in dominant myotonia congenita (Thomsen)". EMBO J. 13 (4): 737–43. PMC 394869. PMID 8112288. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=394869.
Koch MC, Ricker K, Otto M et al. (1994). "Evidence for genetic homogeneity in autosomal recessive generalised myotonia (Becker)". J. Med. Genet. 30 (11): 914–7. doi:10.1136/jmg.30.11.914. PMC 1016598. PMID 8301644. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1016598.
Meyer-Kleine C, Steinmeyer K, Ricker K et al. (1996). "Spectrum of mutations in the major human skeletal muscle chloride channel gene (CLCN1) leading to myotonia". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 57 (6): 1325–34. PMC 1801423. PMID 8533761. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1801423.
Mailänder V, Heine R, Deymeer F, Lehmann-Horn F (1996). "Novel muscle chloride channel mutations and their effects on heterozygous carriers". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 58 (2): 317–24. PMC 1914535. PMID 8571958. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1914535.
Pusch M, Steinmeyer K, Koch MC, Jentsch TJ (1996). "Mutations in dominant human myotonia congenita drastically alter the voltage dependence of the CIC-1 chloride channel". Neuron 15 (6): 1455–63. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90023-3. PMID 8845168.
Fahlke C, Beck CL, George AL (1997). "A mutation in autosomal dominant myotonia congenita affects pore properties of the muscle chloride channel". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (6): 2729–34. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2729. PMC 20158. PMID 9122265. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=20158.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Membrane transport protein: ion channels (TC 1A)

Ca²⁺: Calcium channel

Voltage-gated	L-type/Ca_vα (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4) · N-type/Ca_vα2.2 · P-type/Ca_vα(2.1) · Q-type/Ca_vα2.1 · R-type/Ca_vα2.3 · T-type/Ca_vα(3.1, 3.2, 3.3) α₂δ-subunits (1, 2) · β-subunits (β1, β2, β3, β4) · γ-subunits (γ1, γ2, γ3, γ4) Cation channels of sperm (1, 2, 3, 4) · Two-pore channel (1, 2)

Ligand-gated	Inositol trisphosphate receptor (1, 2, 3) · Ryanodine receptor (1, 2, 3)

Na⁺: Sodium channel

Constitutively active	Epithelial sodium channel (α, β, γ, δ)

Proton gated	Amiloride-sensitive cation channel (1, 2, 3, 4)

Voltage-gated	Na_vα (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 7A) · Na_vβ (1, 2, 3, 4)

K⁺: Potassium channel

Voltage-gated	K_vα1-6 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8) · (2.1, 2.2) · (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) · (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) · (5.1) · (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4) K_vα7-12 (7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5) · (8.1, 8.2) · (9.1, 9.2, 9.3) · (10.1, 10.2) · (11.1/hERG, 11.2, 11.3) · (12.1, 12.2, 12.3) K_vβ (1, 2, 3) · KCNIP (1, 2, 3, 4) · minK/ISK · minK/ISK-like · MiRP (1, 2, 3) · Shaker gene

Calcium-activated	BK channel (α1, β1, β2, β3, β4) · SK channel (SK1, SK2, SK3, SK4) · K_Ca (1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1)

Inward-rectifier	K_ATP · K_ir (1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.6) · GIRK/K_ir (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) · K_ir (4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1)

Tandem pore domain	K2P (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18)

Other

Cl^-: Chloride channel	ANO1 · Bestrophin (1, 2) · CFTR · CLCA (1, 2, 3, 4) · CLCN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, KA, KB) · CLIC (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, L1) · CLNS (1A, 1B)

H⁺: Voltage-gated	HVCN1

M⁺: TRP cation channel	TRPA (1) · TRPC (1, 2, 3, 4, 4AP, 5, 6, 7) · TRPM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) · TRPML (1, 2, 3) · TRPN · TRPP (1, 2) · TRPV (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (FC)	α (1, 2, 3, 4) · β (1, 2, 3) · HCN (1, 2, 3, 4)

Porin	Aquaporin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9) · Voltage-dependent anion channel (1, 2, 3) · General bacterial porin family

Gap junction	Connexin: A (GJA1, GJA3, GJA4, GJA5, GJA8, GJA9, GJA10) · B (GJB1, GJB2, GJB3, GJB4, GJB5, GJB6, GJB7) · C (GJC1, GJC2, GJC3) · D (GJD2, GJD3, GJD4)) Innexin

General	Ligand-gated ion channel · Voltage-gated ion channel · Stretch-activated ion channel

see also disorders
B memb: cead, trns (1A, 1C, 1F, 2A, 3A1, 3A2-3, 3D), othr

CLCN1

Contents

See also

External links

References

Further reading