| Brumleby | |
|---|---|
| Brumleby 1.jpg Brumleby, Copenhagen |
|
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Neoclassical |
| Town or city | Østerbro, Copenhagen |
| Country | Denmark |
| Construction started | 1854 |
| Completed | 1872 |
| Design and construction | |
| Client | Danish Medical Association |
| Architect | Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll Vilhelm Klein |
Brumleby is an enclave of terraced houses in Copenhagen, Denmark, located between Østre Allé and Østerbrogade, just south of Parken Stadium and St. James' Church. Built for indigent workers by the Danish Medical Association from 1854 to 1872, it is one of the earliest examples of social housing in Denmark and became a model for later projects.
The development was designed by Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll and Vilhelm Klein in Neoclassical style.
Contents |
The idea of providing cheap and healthy homes for the poorest part of the city's work force originated among local politicians and medical doctors during the 1853 Copenhagen cholera outbreak which killed approximately 5,000 citizens. A major reason for the outbreak was the dismal conditions in the poorest parts of the city which suffered from overpopulation and lack of proper sanitary services.[1] Copenhagen's population had almost doubled since 1800 but the city had still not been allowed to expand beyond its old fortification ring.
The Danish Medical Association decided to take action and acquired a piece of land on the Eastern Commons and after raising funds privately commissioned the prominent architect Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll to design the houses. Construction began in 1854 and the first stage of the development, with 240 apartments, was inaugurated in 1857.
Due to the intervention of the Second Schleswig War, the second stage did not begin until 1866. After Bindesbøll's death in 1856, he was replaced by Vilhelm Klein, one of his employees. By the time the second stage was completed in 1872, Brumleby had 550 apartments which housed approgimately 2,500 inhabitants.
In 1878, still with Klein as the architect, the Medical Association continued its construction of apartments for workers at another site further from the city, next to the Eastern Gasworks, but these were later demolished. Over the years there were also numerous proposals to demolish Brumleby and replace it with more dense housing but in 1959 the area was listed.
The area was not originally known as Brumleby, but simply as Lægeforeningens Boliger (English: The Medical Association's Residences, but the name emerged coloquially towards the end of the 19th century and obtained official status in 1984. The prefix Brumle-, in the beginning also seen as Brumme-, most likely was a reference to the sound from the grazing cattle on the surrounding commons. The suffix -by simply means town or area.
Brumleby consists of four rows of two-storey houses with bicoloured facades, ochre coloured ground floors and white first floors, and slate roofs. The inspiration for the design came from Italian agricultural workers' housing which Bindesbøll had seen during his years in Italy.
The apartments were no larger than those inside the city, just 25 sqm, often for families with many children, but their planning set new standards with its spacious layout, abundant light and fresh air as well as integration of common facilities such as wash houses, co-operative shops, a bath house, workshops and shared spaces.[2]
Brumleby still serves as social housing, part of Københavns Almindelige Boligselskab. Today, after mergers during a major renovation in the 1990s, the number of apartments has been reduced to 221. The renovation also fitted the apartments with private bathrooms and toilets, before that these facilities were shared.
The writer Martin Andersen Nexo lived in the area as a child, from 1872 to 1877, and has portrayed it in the 1952 childhood memoires Et Lille Kræ.