| Bethesda | |
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Bethesda
Bethesda shown within Gwynedd |
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| Population | 4,327 |
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| OS grid reference | SH624667 |
| Principal area | Gwynedd |
| Ceremonial county | Gwynedd |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BANGOR |
| Postcode district | LL57 |
| Dialling code | 01248 |
| Police | North Wales |
| Fire | North Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| EU Parliament | Wales |
| UK Parliament | Arfon |
| List of places: UK • Wales • Gwynedd | |
Bethesda is a town lying on the River Ogwen and the A5 road on the edge of Snowdonia, in Gwynedd, north-west Wales, colloquially called Pesda by the locals.
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The town grew around the slate and stone quarrying industry, the largest of the local quarries being the Penrhyn Quarry. At its peak, it was exporting its purple slate all over the world, and in so doing it gained a reputation for being the world's best. The town was the site of a famous three-year strike led by the North Wales Quarrymen's Union from 1900. This led to the creation of the nearby village of Tregarth, built by the quarry owners, which housed the families of the workers who did not strike.
Most of the town is to the east and north east of the A5 road with housing packed onto the hill-side in irregular rows. This was due to the A5 marking the border of Lord Penrhyn's land, and the freehold land. This can still be seen in the layout of the current high street where all the public houses are only found on one side of the road.
During its heyday, the population of Bethesda peaked at 10,000 people, but it is currently around 4,327 people (2001 census). Current opportunities for employment are limited within the town. It is home to a small number of manufacturing businesses, although the majority of businesses are in the low-paid service sector and hospitality industry. For employment with higher earning potential, residents tend to commute to towns along the North Wales Coast. Bangor is the most popular location, however, some will travel as far as Cheshire on a daily basis. The lack of degree-based employment opportunities is one of the main reasons many of the younger people relocate out of the area to places such as Cardiff and Manchester as soon as they are qualified.
The architecture and layout of the town is largely utilitarian. Most of the buildings are constructed of stone with slate roofs. Some are constructed wholly of slate blocks although such buildings tend to suffer from damp and structural slippage because the very flat and smooth surfaces of slate do not bind well to mortar.
The town does has 40 Grade II listed buildings [1] including three pubs and the substantial and imposing Calvinistic Methodist Jerusalem Chapel.
The upper parts of Carneddi, Cilfodan and Tan y Foel owe more to stone quarrying on the nearby hills rather than slate quarrying that supported the lower end of the town. At the eastern limits, the town is bounded by the rising land of the Carneddau mountains which form some of the more remote landscapes of Snowdonia. Much of Bethesda was once discrete villages such as Gerlan, Rachub and Braichmelyn and their names are retained as districts of the town.
Bethesda is noted for both the number of chapels (mostly dating from the 1904-1905 Welsh Revival) and pubs in the town. The town was named after the Bethesda Chapel, which was recently converted into residential flats.
Considered by some infamous for its pubs, there are no fewer than ten public establishments that serve alcohol in the Bethesda area (excluding Tregarth). It is noted throughout the surrounding area that the busiest night in Bethesda is Sunday, not the typical Saturdays or Fridays. One of the High Street pubs, the Douglas Arms, was named after the family which owned the nearby Penrhyn Quarry. Other include the Tŷ Isaf, The Bull, The Kings Head, Y Sior, The Victoria Arms, and the Llangollen.
Welsh is the dominant language of the town, and can be seen and heard in most settings. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, 77.0% of the residents are Welsh-speaking, higher than the average for both Gwynedd and Wales as a whole.
The S4C series Amdani! was based on a fictitious women's rugby team in Bethesda, and many of the location shots were filmed in the area. The series was based on the novel of the same name, by Bethan Gwanas, who lived in the town at the time.
Bethesda is the birthplace of Welsh novelist and poet Caradog Prichard, author of Un Nos Ola' Leuad, and of the singer Leila Megane. It was the childhood home of Gruff Rhys the lead singer of Super Furry Animals who grew up in the area known as Rachub / Llanllechid.
The Town is also the childhood home of Dylan Parry, who received the Military Cross and was Mentioned in Dispatches for actions in Iraq.