Benjamin Hoadly (14 November 1676 – 17 April 1761) was an English clergyman, who was successively Bishop of Bangor, Hereford, Salisbury, and Winchester. He is best known as the initiator of the Bangorian Controversy.
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He was educated at St Catharine's College, Cambridge and ordained in 1701.[1] He was rector of St. Peter-le-Poor, London, from 1704 to 1724. His participation in controversy began at the beginning of his career, when he advocated conformity of the religious rites from the Scottish and English churches for the sake of union. He became a leader of the low church and found favour with the Whig party.
He battled with Francis Atterbury, who was the spokesman for the high church group and Tory leader on the subject of passive obedience and non-resistance (i.e. obedience of divines that would not involve swearing allegiance or changing their eucharistic rites but would also not involve denunciation of the Established Church practices). The House of Commons, dominated by Whigs, recommended him to Queen Anne, and he became rector of Streatham in 1710. When George I succeeded to the throne, he became chaplain to the King and made bishop of Bangor in 1716.
In 1717, his sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" provoked the Bangorian controversy.[2] He was then translated three more times, taking up different bishoprics. He maintained that the eucharist was purely a commemorative act without any divine intervention. During his time as bishop, he rarely visited his dioceses and lived, instead, in London, where he was very active in politics.
From later summer 1722 to January 1725 Hoadly published letters on contemporary topics, articulating his Whig principles and defending the Glorious Revolution of 1688.[3] The Revolution had created "that Limited Form of Government which is our only Security" and such a government secured freedom of expression, without which Britons would suffer "all the Mischiefs, of Darkness in the Intellectual World, of Baseness in the Moral World, and of Slavery in the Political World".[4] Hoadly also criticised the Pretender, who issued a declaration that he would extinguish opposition. Hoadly wrote that he would impose uniformity on all if he ruled: "Not only that he must destroy your Civil and Religious Rights, but that he plainly before-hand has here told You, to your Face, He will do so".[5]
William Hogarth (1697-1764) painted his portrait as Bishop of Winchester and "Prelate of the Most Noble Order of the Garter" about 1743, etched by Bernard Baron (1696-1762).
| Church of England titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by John Evans |
Bishop of Bangor 1715–1721 |
Succeeded by Richard Reynolds |
| Preceded by Philip Bisse |
Bishop of Hereford 1721–1723 |
Succeeded by Henry Egerton |
| Preceded by Richard Willis |
Bishop of Salisbury 1723–1734 |
Succeeded by Thomas Sherlock |
| Bishop of Winchester 1734–1761 |
Succeeded by John Thomas |
|