A Belote of Clubs |
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| Origin | France |
|---|---|
| Type | Trick-taking |
| Players | 2-4 |
| Skill(s) required | Skilful |
| Age range | 8-80 |
| Cards | 32 |
| Deck | Piquet deck |
| Play | Counter-clockwise |
| Card rank (highest to lowest) | A 10 K Q J 9 8 7 (Suit) J 9 A 10 K Q 8 7 (Trump) |
| Playing time | 30 min. |
| Related games | |
| Klaverjas, Jass, Coinche | |
Belote is a 32-card trick-taking game played in France, and is currently one of the most popular card games in that country. It was invented around 1920, probably from Klaverjas, Klaverjassen, a game played since at least the 17th century in the Netherlands.[1] Closely related games are played throughout the world, and its rules first published in 1921.[2]
In Bulgarian the official name is Bridge-Belote (Бридж-белот), in Greece it is called Vida (Βίδα), in Cyprus it is called Pilotta (Πιλόττα), in Quebec the word was shortened to the first syllable and spelled bœuf, and in Croatian a similar game with different rules exists, called Bela. In Saudi Arabia it is Baloot. In Bulgaria it is usually called Belot (Белот). In Macedonia it is Belyot (Бељот) and it is especially played in Bitola region. Belot in Armenia, more commonly known as Bazaar Belote, is also a very popular game, and it is played in a slightly different way. It is also the number one card game in Saudi Arabia; although, the rules in the Saudi version are very different from the rules generally played by in Europe.
Within the game's terminology, belote is used to designate a pair of a King and a Queen of a trump suit, possibly yielding the game's name itself.
Contents |
The game is played differently in different locations, but most versions share a considerable set of common rules.[3] The rules below describe the Bulgarian version of this game. A typical 32-card piquet deck is used, 4 suits with 8 ranks, or {♠ ♥ ♦ ♣} × {A K Q J 10 9 8 7}, and is not shuffled between games. The game is played by four people,[4] forming two teams: North-South and East-West, and playing in turn in counter-clockwise direction.One of best world players ever is a Bulgarian Nikola Trifonski, many times national champion, the youngest world champion with special achievements for development of this game.
The deck is never shuffled, but rather cut by the player who precedes the dealer, except for the first dealing in a game when the dealer's partner does that. The first dealing in a game is done by the winners from the previous game. At least three cards must be cut.
The cards are dealt counter-clockwise starting from the dealer's successor (to his/her right), each player receives a packet of three cards, then another set of two. The rest of the cards remain temporarily face-down. If a contract is agreed upon, the remaining cards are dealt after the bidding — a group of three for each player.
The possible contracts are (from lowest to highest):
Every player must either suggest a higher contract, or bid:
Usually two levels of doubling are allowed. In some areas of Bulgaria a third level is also used. It is called "сюр-контра" (Sur-Contre - derived from French; over-double), "чаршаф-контра" (bed sheet-double) or "излез-контра" (go out-double) and the aim is to win the match in a game (26 MP x 8, see section Scoring below).
When doubling any contract, not only a bid in "all trumps", two levels are allowed. Some play it with a third level of doubling, which puts the whole match at stake.
The bidding phase is over when one of the following becomes true:
The play consists of eight tricks, the first one being started by the dealer's successor. The first player in a round can play any card, but subsequent players must obey the following rules (the first one which applies is binding):
The winner of a trick starts the next trick. The last trick is a bit more significant, as its winner is awarded some points.
In Bulgarian bridge-belote the rank of the cards is different for trump and non-trump suits. The order is (from highest to lowest rank):
Declarations must be announced during the first trick:
It is sufficient to specify the type of a declaration (one of the above), whereas the exact suit or ranks are not required. A card can participate in at most one declaration.
A belote is a "royal" pair of a King and a Queen of a trump suit. A belote is worth 20 points, and must be declared when the first of them is played (not necessarily during the first round).
In a "no trumps" contract declarations do not apply (four Aces may be considered as a carré of Jacks and worth 200 points, but no other bonuses are applied.)
| Plain suit rank | A | 10 | K | Q | J | 9 | 8 | 7 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 20 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Trump suit rank | J | 9 | A | 10 | K | Q | 8 | 7 |
Each card rank has a specific scoring value; for Jacks and Nines the value depends on whether the suit is trump or not. The winner of the last trick gets 10 points.
Declarations, including belotes, are added to the score. If the contract was no trumps, the result is multiplied by two. So is done for every double bid. If a team is committed to a contract and has less points, all points go to the enemy, and the losing team in Bulgarian Belote are said to be "вътре" (inside) similar to the French equivalent "être dedans".In a doubled contract, both teams are considered committed.
The result is divided by ten, rounded, and added up to the global score. The rounding is somewhat complicated as the sum of points is a multiple of ten only for a "No trumps" contract. It is 258 for "All trumps" and 162 for a suit contract. Therefore the rounding limit is 5 in a "No trumps" contract, 4 in an "All trumps", and 6 in a suit contract.
A special valat (or capot) premium of 9 match points exists for not leaving a single trick for the enemy. Note, that this does not lift off the enemy's points from declaration. Valats are doubled at no trumps. If there is a valat in a doubled contract, the winning team's points are not doubled.
In some parts of Bulgaria, the rules of the game include a kirtik, which is a special −10 match points penalty for not winning when committed or for being valat. The first team to reach 151 in the global score is the winner, but the game cannot end while a valat takes place.
This part describes the main differences between the classic French rules and the ones above.
After the four players receive the first five cards, the remaining cards are left face down except the card on the top, which is turned face up.
The biddings are made in two rounds. During the first round each player must either pass or accept the card face up. Doing so will set the cards of the same suit than the face up card as trumps. If every player passed, another round is made. The players can propose an other card suit as trumps, but must take the face up card. As soon as a player has accepted the card, the remaining cards are dealt :
To score the points for a game, the team of the player who accepted the face up card must score more than the other team. Otherwise, the other team wins all the points. Generally, this means a team needs to score at least 82 as there are a total of 162 points in the game. However, bonus points won from Belote or declarations might be taken into account.