| Battle of Roosebeke | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Battle of Roosebeke (Jean Froissart, 1405) |
|||||||
|
|||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Kingdom of France Count of Flanders |
Flemish towns led by Ghent | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Charles VI of France Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy |
Philip Van Artevelde † | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 16,000 | 14,000 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| unknown | higher than the French casualties | ||||||
The Battle of Roosebeke (sometimes referred to as the Battle of Westrozebeke) took place on November 27, 1382 on the Goudberg (golden mountain) between a Flemish army under Philip van Artevelde and a French army under Louis II of Flanders who had called upon the help of the French king Charles VI after he had suffered a defeat during the Battle of Beverhoutsveld. The Flemish army was defeated, Philip van Artevelde was slain and his corpse was put on display.
Contents |
Philip II had ruled the council of regents from 1380 till 1388, and ruled France during the childhood years of Charles VI, who was Philip's nephew. He deployed the French army in Westrozebeke to suppress a Flemish rebellion led by Philip van Artevelde, who intended to dispose of Louis II of Flanders. Philip II was married to Margaret of Flanders, Louis' daughter.
Ghent had rebelled against Count Louis II of Flanders. The Count surrounded the city, and when the citizens of Ghent asked for terms, Louis demanded that all men between the ages of 15 and 60 must present themselves with halters around their necks. The count would then decide who he would pardon and who he would execute. The men of Ghent determined to fight and on May 5, 1382, under the leadership of Van Arteveld, they issued from their city and smashed Louis' overconfident army.[1]
The French nobility, facing an incipient peasant revolt at home, felt forced to move against the upstart Flemish commoners. The French royal party patched up its differences with the unruly citizens of Paris and mounted an expedition on behalf of the Count of Flanders. The army "probably numbered around 12,000" and included King Charles VI and the Dukes of Burgundy, Bourbon and Berry, lords Clisson, Sancerre, Coucy, and other notables. The Oriflamme was carried for the first time since the Battle of Poitiers.[2]
At the Lys River near the town of Comines, the French army was held up by 900 Flemish soldiers commanded by Peter van den Bossche. Since the only bridge was broken, Olivier de Clisson ferried a party of 400 French knights across the river. These volunteers spent an anxious night, then joined battle in the morning. Soon the bridge was rebuilt, the bulk of the French army crossed and the superior force quickly put the Flemish spearmen to flight. Van den Bossche was wounded in the struggle but managed to escape. After this skirmish, a number of Flemish towns sued for peace, paying a stiff ransom to the French king.[3]
The French had assembled a strong force in November and even though the contemporary sources greatly exaggerate its numbers (50,000 to 80,000), it was clear that van Artevelde's army was outnumbered. At this time he was laying siege to the town of Oudenaarde but lifted the siege to make camp on a hill, the Goudberg, situated between Oostnieuwkerke and Passendale. The French troops lay on the other side of the hill.
On the morning of November 27, van Artevelde planned to make use of the dense fog and attack the French. To prevent a breakthrough by enemy cavalry he ordered his men to advance in a tight square formation. The French had not forgotten the Battle of the Golden Spurs, and first engaged the Flemings with a wave of infantry. Van Artevelde managed to repel that attack and decided to attack the French.
The French commander, Olivier de Clisson, reacted by attacking his opponent's unsecured flanks with heavy cavalry. This caused a panic in the Flemish rear which started to flee. The main body of Flemish troops had no other option than to form a circle. They were pushed back and eventually defeated and Philip van Artevelde was killed.
Philip II could not gain any advantage from this victory. He would become count of Flanders late January 1384 and needed the economical power of the rebellious Ghent. The rebellion lasted till December 8, 1385, when the peace of Tournai was signed.