Barremian

System	Series	Stage	Age (Ma)
Paleogene	Paleocene	Danian	younger
Cretaceous	Upper	Maastrichtian	65.5–70.6
		Campanian	70.6–83.5
		Santonian	83.5–85.8
		Coniacian	85.8–89.3
		Turonian	89.3–93.5
		Cenomanian	93.5–99.6
	Lower	Albian	99.6–112.0
		Aptian	112.0–125.0
		Barremian	125.0–130.0
		Hauterivian	130.0–136.4
		Valanginian	136.4–140.2
		Berriasian	140.2–145.5
Jurassic	Upper	Tithonian	older
Subdivision of the Cretaceous system according to the IUGS, as of July 2009.

The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 130.0 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 125.0 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous epoch (or Lower Cretaceous series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian stage.^[1]

The Barremian falls in the Gallic epoch, a subdivision of the Cretaceous that is no longer used by the ICS. It overlaps the lower part of the Urgonian stage, which is sometimes used in western European stratigraphy. In North America, the late Coahulian and the early Comanchean correspond to the Barremian. In New Zealand, it falls within the Mokoiwian, and in Japan it corresponds to the late Aritan.^[1]

Stratigraphic definitions

The original type locality for the Barremian stage is in the vicinity of the village of Barrême, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. Henry Coquand defined the stage and named it in 1873.

The base of the Barremian is determined by the first appearance of the ammonites Spitidiscus hugii and Spitidiscus vandeckii. The end of the Barremian is determined by the geomagnetic reversal at the start of the M0r chronozone, which is biologically near the first appearance of the ammonite Paradeshayesites oglanlensis.

Subdivision

The Barremian is often subdivided into two substages or subages, Lower/Early and Upper/Late Barremian.

In the Tethys domain, the Barremian stage contains eleven ammonite biozones:

zone of Pseudocrioceras waagenoides
zone of Colchidites sarasini
zone of Imerites giraudi
zone of Hemihoplites feraudianus
zone of Gerhardtia sertousi
zone of Ancyloceras vandenheckii
zone of Coronites darsi
zone of Kotetishvilia compressissima
zone of Nicklesia pulchella
zone of Nicklesia nicklesi
zone of Spitidiscus hugii

Palaeontology

Much knowledge about the Barremian fauna—especially regarding birds, mammals and pterosaurs—derived from the famous Yixian Formation of China, part of which dates from this stage.

Cephalopods

†Ammonoidea

Acantholytoceras
Aconeceras^[2]
Almohadites
Anclyoceras^[3]
Annuloceras^[2]
Astieridiscus
Callizoniceras^[2]
Carstenia^[2]
Chalalabelus^[2]
Colchidites^[2]
Coronites^[2]
Costidiscus

Dirrymoceras^[2]
Deshayesites^[2]
Eoheteroceras^[3]
Gymnoplites
Hamulina^[3]
Hamulinites^[3]
Heinzia^[3]
Hamiticeras^[2]
Hemibaculites^[2]
Heteroceras^[2]
Janenschites
Kabylites

Karsteniceras^[3]
Lopholobites^[2]
Lytocrioceras^[3]
Manoloviceras^[3]
Macroscaphites
Metahoplites
Paranclyoceras^[2]
Parasaynoceras
Pascoeites
Pedioceras
Pseudohaploceras
Pulchellia^[3]

Ptychoceras^[2]
Sanmartinoceras^[2]
Shasticrioceras
Silesites^[3]
Subpulchellia^[3]
Tonoceras^[2]
Torcapella^[3]
Uhligia^[3]
Veleziceras^[3]
Veveysiceras^[3]
Zurcherella^[2]

Neocoleoids

Neocoleoids of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Maioteuthis
Neololigosepia
Oxyteuthis

†Belemnites

Belemnites of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Curtohibolites
Neohibolites
Oxyteuthis

Nautiloidea

Nautiloids of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Eucymatoceras
Palelialia
Pseudaturoidea

Chondrichthyes

Hexanchidae: Notidanodon lanceolatus, Notorynchus aptiensis

Squamata

Iguania: Xianglong

Dinosaurs (including birds)

†Cerapoda

Cerapoda of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Jinzhousaurus		China
Ponerosteus		Czech Republic
Fukuisaurus		Japan
Hypsilophodon		England, Portugal
Jeholosaurus		China
Cedrorestes		Utah, USA
Valdosaurus		Europe, Africa
Dakotadon		South Dakota, USA
Dollodon		Belgium, Germany, England
Iguanodon		Europe, Africa, Asia, North America
Osmakasaurus		South Dakota, USA
Siluosaurus		Gansu, China
Hongshanosaurus		Liaoning, China
Psittacosaurus		China, Mongolia, Russia, possibly Thailand

†Other Cerapods

Other Cerapods of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Stenopelix		Germany
Hongshanosaurus		Liaoning, China
Liaoceratops		Liaoning, China
Psittacosaurus		China, Mongolia, Russia, possibly Thailand

†Sauropoda

Marginocephalia of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Cedarosaurus		Utah, USA
Aragosaurus		Aragón, Spain
Amargasaurus		Neuquén, Argentina
Histriasaurus		Croatia
Eucamerotus		Isle of Wight, England
Oplosaurus		Isle of Wight, England
Amargatitanis		Neuquén, Argentina

Theropoda

Theropods of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Fukuiraptor		Japan
Longipteryx		Liaoning, China
"Proornis"		North Korea
Neovenator		Isle of Wight, England
Caudipteryx		Liaoning, China
Huaxiagnathus		Liaoning, China
Changchengornis		Liaoning, China
Microraptor		Liaoning, China
Sinornithosaurus		Liaoning, China
Utahraptor		Utah, USA
Concornis		Cuenca, Spain
Iberomesornis		Cuenca, Spain
Harpymimus		Gobi Desert, Mongolia
Yixianosaurus		Liaoning, China
Afrovenator		Niger, Africa
Sapeornis		Liaoning, China
Shenzhousaurus		Liaoning, China
Pelecanimimus		Cuenca, Spain
Incisivosaurus		Liaoning, China
Baryonyx		England, Spain, Portugal
Chilantaisaurus		China
Calamosaurus		Isle of Wight, England
Prodeinodon		China, Mongolia
Yaverlandia		Isle of Wight, England
Sinovenator		Liaoning, China

†Thyreophora

Thyreophora of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Liaoningosaurus		Liaoning, China
Gastonia		Utah, USA
Hoplitosaurus		South Dakota, USA
Polacanthus		England
Sauroplites		Gansu, China
Craterosaurus		England
Regnosaurus		Sussex, England

Mammals

Mammals of the Barremian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Eobaatar	several species from Hauterivian to Albian	Spain, Mongolia
Eomaia
Repenomamus

†Pterosaurs

Azhdarchoidea incertae sedis: Chaoyangopterus,^[4] Jidapterus
Ctenochasmatidae: Beipiaopterus, Liaoxipterus
Istiodactylidae: Hongshanopterus,Istiodactylus,Longchengpterus, Nurhachius
Ornithocheiridae: Haopterus, Liaoningopterus
Ornithocheiroidea incertae sedis: Boreopterus
Pterodactyloidea incertae sedis: Feilongus
Tapejaridae: Huaxiapterus, Sinopterus

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b See Gradstein et al. (2004) or the online geowhen database (link below)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Earliest occurrence: Upper Barremian
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Earliest occurrence: Lower Barremian
^ Only known from this stage

Literature

Cossmann, M. & Pelat, E. (1907): Le Barrémien supérieur à faciès Urgonien de Brouzet-lès-Alais (Gard). Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, Paléontologie 15(37): 5-42. (French)
Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; (2004): A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
Guzhikov, A.Yu. & Baraboshkin, E.J. (2006): Assessment of diachronism of biostratigraphic boundaries by magnetochronological calibration of zonal scales for the Lower Cretaceous of the Tethyan and Boreal belts. Doklady Earth Sciences 409(6): 843-846. doi:10.1134/S1028334X06060018

External links

GeoWhen Database - Barremian
Mid-Cretaceous timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
Stratigraphic chart of the Lower Cretaceous, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy

Cretaceous Period
Lower/Early Cretaceous	Upper/Late Cretaceous
Berriasian \| Valanginian \| Hauterivian Barremian \| Aptian \| Albian	Cenomanian \| Turonian \| Coniacian Santonian \| Campanian \| Maastrichtian

Geologic history of Earth

Precambrian (4.57 Gya – 542 Mya)

In left column are eons; right column: bold are eras; not bold are periods:

Hadean (4.57 – 4 Gya)	(informal)

Archean (4 – 2.5 Gya)	Eoarchean (4 – 3.6 Gya) Paleoarchean (3.6 – 3.2 Gya) Mesoarchean (3.2 – 2.8 Gya) Neoarchean (2.8 – 2.5 Gya)

Proterozoic (2.5 Gya – 542 Mya)	Paleoproterozoic (2.5 – 1.6 Gya): Siderian (2.5 – 2.3 Gya) · Rhyacian (2.3 – 2.05 Gya) · Orosirian (2.05 – 1.8 Gya) · Statherian (1.8 – 1.6 Gya) Mesoproterozoic (1.6 – 1 Gya): Calymmian (1.6 – 1.4 Gya) · Ectasian (1.4 – 1.2 Gya) · Stenian (1.2 – 1 Gya) Neoproterozoic (1 Gya – 542 Mya): Tonian (1 Gya – 850 Mya) · Cryogenian (850 – 635 Mya) · Ediacaran (635 – 542 Mya)

Mya = millions years ago. Gya = billions years ago.

Phanerozoic (542 – 0 Mya)

In horizontal bars are eras; in left column are periods; right column: bold are epochs; not bold not italic are ages; italic are chrons:

Paleozoic (542 – 251 Mya)

Cambrian (542 – 488.3 Mya)	Terreneuvian (542 – 521 Mya) (de): Fortunian (542 – 528 Mya) (de) · Age 2* (528 – 521 Mya) *Epoch 2 (521 – 510 Mya)*: Age 3 (521 – 515 Mya) · Age 4* (515 – 510 Mya) *Epoch 3 (510 – 499 Mya)*: Age 5 (510 – 506.5 Mya) · Drumian (506.5 – 503 Mya) (de) · Guzhangian (503 – 499 Mya) (de) Furongian (499 – 488.3 Mya): Paibian (499 – 496 Mya) · Jiangshanian (496 – 492 Mya) (de) · Age 10* (492 – 488.3 Mya)

Ordovician (488.3 – 443.7 Mya)	Early Ordovician (488.3 – 471.8 Mya): Tremadocian (488.3 – 478.6 Mya) · Floian (478.6 – 471.8 Mya) Middle Ordovician (471.8 – 460.9 Mya): Dapingian (471.8 – 468.1 Mya) · Darriwilian (468.1 – 460.9 Mya) Late Ordovician (460.9 – 443.7 Mya): Sandbian (460.9 – 455.8 Mya) · Katian (455.8 – 445.6 Mya) · Hirnantian (445.6 – 443.7 Mya)

Silurian (443.7 – 416 Mya)	Llandovery (443.7 – 428.2 Mya): Rhuddanian (443.7 – 439 Mya) · Aeronian (439 – 436 Mya) · Telychian (436 – 428.2 Mya) Wenlock (428.2 – 422.9 Mya): Sheinwoodian (428.2 – 426.2 Mya) · Homerian (426.2 – 422.9 Mya) Ludlow (422.9 – 418.7 Mya): Gorstian (422.9 – 421.3 Mya) · Ludfordian (421.3 – 418.7 Mya) Pridoli (418.7 – 416 Mya)

Devonian (416 – 359.2 Mya)	Early Devonian (416 – 397.5 Mya): Lochkovian (416 – 411.2 Mya) · Pragian (411.2 – 407 Mya) · Emsian (407 – 397.5 Mya) Middle Devonian (397.5 – 385.3 Mya): Eifelian (397.5 – 391.8 Mya) · Givetian (391.8 – 385.3 Mya) Late Devonian (385.3 – 359.2 Mya): Frasnian (385.3 – 374.5 Mya) · Famennian (374.5 – 359.2 Mya)

Carboniferous (359.2 – 299 Mya)	Mississippian (359.2 – 318.1 Mya): Tournaisian / Early Mississippian (359.2 – 345.3 Mya) · Viséan / Middle Mississippian (345.3 – 328.3 Mya) · Serpukhovian / Late Mississippian (328.3 – 318.1 Mya) Pennsylvanian (318.1 – 299 Mya): Bashkirian / Early Pennsylvanian (318.1 – 311.7 Mya) · Moscovian / Middle Pennsylvanian (311.7 – 307.2 Mya) · Late Pennsylvanian (307.2 – 299 Mya): Kasimovian (307.2 – 303.4 Mya) · Gzhelian (303.4 – 299 Mya)

Permian (299 – 251 Mya)	Cisuralian (299 – 270.6 Mya): Asselian (299 – 294.6 Mya) · Sakmarian (294.6 – 284.4 Mya) · Artinskian (284.4 – 275.6 Mya) · Kungurian (275.6 – 270.6 Mya) Guadalupian (270.6 – 260.4 Mya): Roadian (270.6 – 268 Mya) · Wordian (268 – 265.8 Mya) · Capitanian (265.8 – 260.4 Mya) Lopingian (260.4 – 251 Mya): Wuchiapingian (260.4 – 253.8 Mya) · Changhsingian (253.8 – 251 Mya)

Mesozoic (251 – 65.5 Mya)

Triassic (251 – 199.6 Mya)	Early Triassic (251 – 245.9 Mya): Induan (251 – 249.5 Mya) · Olenekian (249.5 – 245.9 Mya) Middle Triassic (245.9 – 228.7 Mya): Anisian (245.9 – 237 Mya) · Ladinian (237 – 228.7 Mya) Late Triassic (228.7 – 199.6 Mya): Carnian (228.7 – 216.5 Mya) · Norian (216.5 – 203.6 Mya) · Rhaetian (203.6 – 199.6 Mya)

Jurassic (199.6 – 145.5 Mya)	Early Jurassic (199.6 – 175.6 Mya): Hettangian (199.6 – 196.5 Mya) · Sinemurian (196.5 – 189.6 Mya) · Pliensbachian (189.6 – 183 Mya) · Toarcian (183 – 175.6 Mya) Middle Jurassic (175.6 – 161.2 Mya): Aalenian (175.6 – 171.6 Mya) · Bajocian (171.6 – 167.7 Mya) · Bathonian (167.7 – 164.7 Mya) · Callovian (164.7 – 161.2 Mya) Late Jurassic (161.2 – 145.5 Mya): Oxfordian (161.2 – 155.6 Mya) · Kimmeridgian (155.6 – 150.8 Mya) · Tithonian (150.8 – 145.5 Mya)

Cretaceous (145.5 – 65.5 Mya)	Early Cretaceous (145.5 – 99.6 Mya): Berriasian (145.5 – 140.2 Mya) · Valanginian (140.2 – 133.9 Mya) · Hauterivian (133.9 – 130 Mya) · Barremian (130 – 125 Mya) · Aptian (125 – 112 Mya) · Albian (112 – 99.6 Mya) Late Cretaceous (99.6 – 65.5 Mya): Cenomanian (99.6 – 93.6 Mya) · Turonian (93.6 – 88.6 Mya) · Coniacian (88.6 – 85.8 Mya) · Santonian (85.8 – 83.5 Mya) · Campanian (83.5 – 70.6 Mya) · Maastrichtian (70.6 – 65.5 Mya)

Cenozoic (65.5 – 0 Mya)

Paleogene, Neogene and early Pleistocene comprise former Tertiary* (65.5 – 1.8 Mya) period. Gelasian and Calabrian comprise Early Pleistocene (2.588 Mya – 781 kya) subepoch.

Paleogene (65.5 – 23.03 Mya)	Paleocene (65.5 – 55.8 Mya): Danian (65.5 – 61.1 Mya) · Selandian (61.1 – 58.7 Mya) · Thanetian (58.7 – 55.8 Mya) Eocene (55.8 – 33.9 Mya): Ypresian (55.8 – 48.6 Mya) · Lutetian (48.6 – 40.4 Mya) · Bartonian (40.4 – 37.2 Mya) · Priabonian (37.2 – 33.9 Mya) Oligocene (33.9 – 23.03 Mya): Rupelian (33.9 – 28.4 Mya) · Chattian (28.4 – 23.03 Mya)

Neogene (23.03 – 2.588 Mya)	Miocene (23.03 – 5.332 Mya): Aquitanian (23.03 – 20.43 Mya) · Burdigalian (20.43 – 15.97 Mya) · Langhian (15.97 – 13.82 Mya) · Serravallian (13.82 – 11.608 Mya) · Tortonian (11.608 – 7.246 Mya) · Messinian (7.246 – 5.332 Mya) Pliocene (5.332 – 2.588 Mya): Piacenzian (5.332 – 3.6 Mya) · Zanclean (3.6 – 2.588 Mya)

Quaternary (2.588 – 0 Mya)	Pleistocene (2.588 Mya – 11.4 kya): Gelasian (2.588 – 1.806 Mya) · Calabrian (1.806 Mya – 781 kya) · Middle Pleistocene / Ionian (781 – 126 kya) · Late Pleistocene / Tarantian (126 – 11.4 kya): Oldest Dryas (18 – 14.67 kya) · Bølling* (14.67 – 14 kya) · Older Dryas* (14 – 13.7 kya) · Allerød* (13.7 – 12.8 kya) · Younger Dryas* (12.8 – 11.4 kya)* Holocene (11.4 – 0 kya): Preboreal (11.4 – 9 kya) · Boreal* (9 – 8 kya) · Atlantic* (8 – 5 kya) · Subboreal* (5 – 2.5 kya) · Subatlantic* (2.5 – 0 kya)*

kya = thousands years ago. Mya = millions years ago. * Not officially recognized by the I.C.S.

Source: International Stratigraphic Chart. International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 8 February 2008.