Baizhang Huaihai (Chinese: 百丈懷海; pinyin: Bǎizhàng Huáihái; Wade-Giles: Pai-chang Huai-hai; Japanese: Hyakujō Ekai) (720–814) was a Chinese Zen master during the Tang Dynasty. He was a dharma heir of Mazu Daoyi (Wade-Giles: Ma-tsu Tao-i). Baizhang's students included Huangbo, Linji and Puhua.
Traditional Chan/Zen mythology holds Baizhang established an early set of rules for Chan (Chinese Zen) monastic discipline, the Pure Rules of Baizhang (Chinese: 百丈清規; pinyin: Bǎizhàng qīngguī; Wade–Giles: Pai-chang ch'ing-kuei),[1][2] famous for the saying One day not work, one day not eat (一日不做一日不食). As the Zen monks farmed, it helped them to survive the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution more than other sects which rely more on donations. The rules are used today in many Zen monasteries, but some believe these rules developed much later in Chan history, and are agreed by the monks Taixu and Hsu Yun.[3][4]
Baizhang is remembered for the aphorism: "A day without work is a day without food." His teachings and sayings have been translated by Thomas Cleary in Sayings and Doings of Pai-Chang (1978). Another book translated by John Blofeld in 'The Zen Teachings of Instaneous Awakening (1987) Buddhist Publishing Group, Totnes, has been erroneously attributed by some to Baizhang Huaihai, but was in fact a work by his dharma brother, Ta-chu Hui-hai
The Wild fox koan is attributed to Baizhang.
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| Preceded by Mazu Daoyi |
Rinzai Zen patriarch | Succeeded by Huangbo Xiyun |
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