Automatic bids to college bowl games
The teams that participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I Football Bowl Subdivision earn the right to compete in a series of post-season games called bowl games. For all 35 bowl games in the 2011-12 NCAA college football bowl season, bowl games are contractually obligated to offer bids to specific conferences, a situation known as a "tie-in". The top five bowl games in the nation select their teams as part of a coalition known as the Bowl Championship Series. The remaining 30 bowl games have individual contracts with the conferences to offer preferential bids to teams from those conferences. As long as teams are bowl eligible, they may be selected by these bowls to meet these contracts.
BCS games
The Bowl Championship Series consists of five games, the Rose Bowl, Fiesta Bowl, Orange Bowl, and Sugar Bowl, as well as the BCS Championship Game. A composite system of computer rankings and human polls is used to rank the teams in the Division I–Football Bowl Subdivision. At the end of the season, the top two ranked teams meet in the championship game; the remaining eight slots are filled by the champions of six conferences (the Big Ten Conference, Pacific-12 Conference, Atlantic Coast Conference, Southeastern Conference, Big 12 Conference, and Big East Conference) and up to four "at-large" selections who finished the season ranked in the top 14 in the BCS rankings. These at-large selections can be granted to any FBS team, even those that aren't members of the six BCS conferences, though no conference may have more than two BCS teams in any given year with the sole exception being if two at-large teams from a BCS Conference finish No. 1 and No. 2 in the BCS Poll, they will qualify for the National Title Game while the conference champion from the conference will play in the conference's bowl tie-in.
Even in the five BCS bowls, consideration is given to historic associations between the conferences and the bowl games themselves. Tie-ins still apply, unless a team obligated to a certain bowl game is selected for the BCS Championship Game. In that case, their slot is filled by an at-large school. Any bowl that loses a contracted team to the Championship Game gets first pick of the eligible at-large schools.
2011-12 Non-BCS bowl games
The 30 bowls that are not part of the BCS have contractual ties to specific conferences. For the 2011-12 bowl season, all 30 bowls have at least two tie-ins, meaning that there are no at-large spots open in these bowls, assuming that all conferences produce enough bowl eligible teams. Many bowls also have contingency contracts to offer spots to other specific conferences should their first choice not be eligible. If any slot cannot be filled by a contracted conference at all, then the spot becomes open, and the bowl can offer the slot to any eligible team.
To be eligible, a team must not have a losing record in the FBS. If a school plays 12 games, they must have at least six wins to qualify. If a school plays 13 games, they must then have at least seven wins to qualify. A rule change for 2010 allows bowls to tender a bid to any team with a 6-6 record before teams with more than six wins. Previously, a bowl with an at-large bid to fill was required to select the remaining team with the best record over a 6-6 team that would have been more financially attractive in terms of bringing more fans to the respective bowl. The contracts specify that the bowl receives a certain choice of teams, and this choice is typically not predicated on end-of-season rankings. For example, beginning this year, the Alamo Bowl has the third choice of Big 12 schools. That means they may choose any eligible Big 12 team after the first two bowls (in this case the BCS and the Cotton Bowl Classic) have chosen their teams from the conference. However, some conferences have special selection parameters written into their contracts with specific bowls — for example, the Capital One Bowl is contractually obligated to select the winningest Big Ten and SEC teams that do not make a BCS game, or a team within one win of the winningest in its conference, and the MAC's bowl contracts require that both division champions, if eligible, receive bids to one of its three contracted bowls.
| Bowl Game |
First Game |
Conference/Team |
Conference/Team |
Alternate |
| Hyundai Sun Bowl |
1935 |
Pac-12 #4 |
ACC #4 |
| AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic |
1937 |
Big 12 #2 |
SEC #3/4 |
| Gator Bowl |
1946 |
SEC #6 |
Big Ten #4/5 |
| AutoZone Liberty Bowl |
1959 |
C-USA #1 |
SEC #7/8 |
Big East #5 |
| Capital One Bowl |
1947 |
Big Ten #2 |
SEC #2 |
| Chick-fil-A Bowl |
1968 |
ACC #2 |
SEC #5 |
| Advocare V100 Independence Bowl |
1976 |
ACC #7 |
MWC #3 |
| Bridgepoint Education Holiday Bowl |
1978 |
Big 12 #5 |
Pac-12 #3 |
| Outback Bowl |
1986 |
Big Ten #3 |
SEC #3/4 |
| Insight Bowl |
1989 |
Big 12 #4 |
Big Ten #4/5 |
| Champs Sports Bowl |
1990 |
ACC #3 |
Big East #2 or Notre Dame |
| Maaco Bowl Las Vegas |
1992 |
MWC #1 |
Pac-12 #5 |
| Valero Alamo Bowl |
1993 |
Big 12 #3 |
Pac-12 #2 |
| Famous Idaho Potato Bowl |
1997 |
WAC #2 |
MAC #3 |
| Little Caesars Pizza Bowl |
1997 |
Big Ten #8 |
MAC #2 |
| Franklin American Mortgage Music City Bowl |
1998 |
ACC #6 |
SEC #7/8 |
| GoDaddy.com Bowl |
1999 |
Sun Belt #2 |
MAC #1 |
| Meineke Car Care Bowl of Texas |
2000 |
Big 12 #6 |
Big Ten #6 |
| New Mexico Bowl |
2001 |
MWC #5 |
Pac-12 #7 |
| R+L Carriers New Orleans Bowl |
2001 |
C-USA #4 |
Sun Belt #1 |
| Belk Bowl |
2002 |
ACC #5 |
Big East #3 |
| Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl |
2002 |
Pac-12 #6 |
Army '11, Navy '12, BYU '13 |
ACC #9 |
| Sheraton Hawaiʻi Bowl |
2002 |
C-USA #2 |
WAC #3 / Hawaiʻi |
| Bell Helicopter Armed Forces Bowl |
2003 |
C-USA #3 |
MWC #4 |
BYU '11, Navy '13, Army |
| SDCCU Poinsettia Bowl |
2005 |
MWC #2 |
WAC #1 '11 |
BYU '12, Army '13, Navy |
| BBVA Compass Bowl |
2006 |
Big East #5 |
SEC #9 |
Sun Belt |
| Military Bowl |
2008 |
ACC #8 |
Navy '11, Army '12, C-USA #6 '13 |
MAC #4, Big 12 |
| Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl |
2008 |
Big East #6 |
C-USA #5 |
| New Era Pinstripe Bowl |
2010 |
Big East #4 |
Big 12 #7 |
| TicketCity Bowl |
2010 |
Big Ten #7 |
C-USA #2 '11 &'13, Big 12 #8 '12 |
Big 12 |
Order of selection
Teams must be bowl-eligible to be selected for a bowl game. Should a conference not have enough eligible teams to meet their obligations, the bowls at the end of the selection process are free to choose a replacement team from among any remaining bowl-eligible teams that are not already committed to a bowl game. Prior to the 2010–11 bowl season Bowls were required to select from teams with winning records when choosing a replacement team, unless there are no such teams left, in which case they could choose a 6–6 team. This rule was removed starting with the 2010-2011 bowl season.[1] Should fewer than 70 teams be bowl-eligible, all bowl-eligible teams must be placed in bowls before non-eligible teams may be selected.
If a conference provides an "at-large" selection to the BCS, the remaining bowls still select in the same order. Should a conference like the Big 12 receive an "at-large" bid from the BCS, their remaining bowl tie-ins would be affected. The Cotton Bowl Classic would then have the third (and not second) selection from the Big 12, and all remaining bowls would be shifted accordingly. This increases the likelihood that the conference will not be able to provide enough teams to meet its tie-in obligations.
Atlantic Coast Conference
2010-2013:[2]
Big 12 Conference
2010-2013:[3]
- #1 Bowl Championship Series. As of 2011, the Big 12 regular season champion receives an automatic berth in a BCS Bowl game, preferentially the Tostitos Fiesta Bowl.
- #2 The Cotton Bowl Classic receives the second choice of Big 12 teams.
- #3 The Alamo Bowl receives the third choice of Big 12 teams.
- #4 The Insight Bowl receives the fourth choice of Big 12 teams.
- #5 The Holiday Bowl receive the fifth choice of Big 12 teams.
- #6 The Meineke Car Care Bowl of Texas receives the sixth choice of Big 12 teams.
- #7 The New Era Pinstripe Bowl receives the seventh choice of Big 12 teams.
- #8 The TicketCity Bowl receives the eighth choice of Big 12 teams following the 2012 season, while the Military Bowl receives the eighth choice of Big 12 teams following the 2013 season. In addition the TicketCity Bowl or the Military Bowl will have the eighth choice of Big 12 teams if the bowl's primary partners are not available following the 2011 season.
Big East Conference
The Big East Conference has seven bowl tie ins, up to six of which choose a Big East school in any given year.[4]
2010-2013:
- #1 Bowl Championship Series. The Big East Champion receives an automatic bid to one of the BCS Bowls with an At-Large bid.
- #2 The Champs Sports Bowl receives the second pick of the Big East teams, after the BCS participant is determined.
- #3 The Belk Bowl receives the third selection of the Big East teams.
- #4 The New Era Pinstripe Bowl receives the fourth selection of the Big East teams.
- #5 BBVA Compass Bowl / AutoZone Liberty Bowl . The #5 selection from the Big East will face either the #8 or 9 team (shared pick) from the SEC in the BBVA Compass Bowl or the C-USA champion in the Liberty Bowl.
- #6 The Beef ‘O’ Brady’s Bowl receives the sixth Big East selection.
Note that bowls #3-6 may select Notre Dame in lieu of a Big East school; The Champs Sports Bowl (bowl #2) is permitted to do so once in a four year period, and did so in the 2011 Champs Sports Bowl. They may not select Notre Dame again until the 2014 Champs Sports Bowl.
Big Ten Conference
The Big Ten Conference has eight bowl tie-ins.[5]
- #1 Bowl Championship Series. As of the 2011 season, the winner of the Big Ten Championship Game gains an automatic berth to a BCS bowl game, preferentially the Rose Bowl.
- #2 The Capital One Bowl receives the second choice from the Big Ten, but must choose from remaining teams with the best overall record, or within one win of the best overall record. Starting in 2011, it may choose to take the runner up of the Big Ten Championship Game should its record be better than the league champion.
- #3 The Outback Bowl receives the third choice of Big Ten teams.
- #4 The Gator Bowl receives the fourth choice of Big Ten teams.
- #5 The Insight Bowl receives the fifth choice of Big Ten teams
- #6 The Meineke Car Care Bowl of Texas receives the sixth choice of Big Ten teams.
- #7 The TicketCity Bowl receives the seventh choice from the Big Ten.
- #8 The Little Caesar's Pizza Bowl will take the eighth choice from the Big Ten; if no remaining teams are available, the bowl will choose a Sun Belt team.
Conference USA
Conference USA has five regular bowl tie-ins, with a contingency to fill a spot in two more games.[6]
Mid-American Conference
The Mid-American Conference has three regular bowl tie-ins, with a contingency to fill a spot in a fourth game. The champions of the two MAC divisions are guaranteed to go to one of the three bowl games.[10]
- #1 The Little Caesars Pizza Bowl receives the first choice of MAC teams, though it is not required to take the MAC champion.
- #2 The GoDaddy.com Bowl receives the second choice of MAC teams.
- #3 The Famous Idaho Potato Bowl receives the third choice of MAC teams.
- #4 The Military Bowl normally has the eighth choice from the ACC, however in years where there are not eight eligible ACC teams, they may select a MAC team (and did so in 2009).
Mountain West Conference
The Mountain West Conference has four bowl tie-ins.[11]
Starting for the 2012 season it will add a bowl tie-in.
- #5 The Hawaiʻi Bowl will host the University of Hawaiʻi team if it has at least seven wins, and is not selected by the BCS (which happened in the 2007 season). The Hawaiʻi Bowl has moved its affilation with the University of Hawaiʻi change of conference affilation. This change will occur for the 2012 season.[12]
Pacific-12 Conference
The Pac-12 Conference has seven bowl tie-ins.[13]
Southeastern Conference
The Southeastern Conference has nine bowl tie-ins.[14]
Sun Belt Conference
The Sun Belt Conference has two guaranteed bowl tie-ins, with a contingency to fill up to three additional bowl slots.[15]
- #1 The New Orleans Bowl gets first choice of participant, not necessarily the Conference Champion as long as the champion is accommodated with another bowl. Must host the conference champion two out of every four years. [16]
- #2 The GoDaddy.com Bowl will host the second selection from the Sun Belt.
Western Athletic Conference
The Western Athletic Conference has three regular bowl tie-ins, it will drop to one starting with the 2012 season, with a contingency to fill a spot in 2011 & 2012 with the Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl and in 2013 with the Poinsettia Bowl. The top two teams in the WAC standings are guaranteed a bowl berth. Teams are selected based on the best fit for the bowls and the teams that are bowl eligible.[17]
- #1 The Poinsettia Bowl will select a top WAC team for 2011. BYU has taken the spot for 2012 that the WAC had, and for 2013 Army will have the spot.
- #2 The Famous Idaho Potato Bowl.
- #3 The Hawaiʻi Bowl will host the University of Hawaiʻi team if it has at least seven wins, and is not selected by the BCS (which happened in the 2007 season). This affilation will end after this 2011 season as the University of Hawaii is changing conferences and the Hawaii Bowl is moving with them.[18]
Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl Partners Poinsettia Bowl Partners
Division I FBS Independents
Of the four independent Football Bowl Subdivision teams, there are contractual agreements to play in certain bowl games should they become bowl eligible. All four of these teams remain eligible for selection as a replacement team when the conferences do not have enough eligible teams to meet their obligations.
Notre Dame
- Is eligible for selection by the BCS if they finish in the top 14 of the final BCS standings, and automatically qualifies as an at-large selection in the BCS in years where it finishes in the top 8 of the BCS rankings.[4][19] In addition, several bowls, such as the Champs Sports Bowl, can pick Notre Dame in lieu of a Big East team (most of Notre Dame's other sports are part of the Big East).
Navy
Army
Brigham Young
Changes for the 2010-11 season
Several bowls and conferences are negotiating new bowl contracts, which take effect beginning with the 2010-11 bowl season:
- The Alamo Bowl and the Pacific-12 finalized a four-year deal for the Pac-10/Pac-12 #2 selection, which previously competed at the Holiday Bowl, in an apparent replacement of the Big Ten selection. The Alamo Bowl's payout will increase to $3 million per year.[23]
- The Champs Sports Bowl finalized a four-year deal with the Big East Conference, which will see the bowl have the #2 selection of Big East teams. The Champs Sports Bowl will be able to select Notre Dame once during the four-year agreement, so long as Notre Dame has at least a 7-5 record and is within two wins of an eligible Big East team.[24] The bowl also agreed to bring back the Atlantic Coast Conference, and will get the #3 pick of ACC teams.[25]
- The Emerald Bowl, which would become the Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl in 2010, reached an agreement with the Western Athletic Conference, Navy, Army, and the Pacific-10/12 Conference. The Pac-10/12 will give its #6 selection to the Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl in each of the four years. Army will play in the game in 2011 if it is eligible, and Navy will play in 2012 if it is eligible. The WAC will send its #1, #2 or #3 team in 2010 and 2013, and will provide alternate selections in 2011 and 2012.[26]
- The GoDaddy.com Bowl has agreed to allow the Sun Belt Conference to send a team from that conference and give them a second permament berth in the bowl season, joining the New Orleans Bowl as games with berths for the SBC.
- The Gator Bowl finalized an agreement with the Southeastern Conference and the Big Ten Conference. The Gator Bowl will alternate with the Insight Bowl for the Big Ten's #4 and #5 picks, while the bowl will have no lower than the #6 pick of SEC teams.[27]
- With the closing of the International Bowl, the Humanitarian Bowl finalized an agreement with the Mid-American Conference to send a team to that game starting in 2010.
- The Independence Bowl agreed to a deal with the MWC and the ACC. The Independence Bowl will have the #3 selection of Mountain West teams and the #7 selection of ACC teams.[28]
- The Poinsettia Bowl reached an agreement with the WAC, Navy, Army, and the MWC, as they will continue to send their #2 team to San Diego. The other tie-in will be shared by the WAC, Navy, and Army, mirroring the Emerald Bowl deal. Navy will participate in 2010 if they are eligible, and Army will participate in 2013 if they are eligible. The WAC will send its #1, #2 or #3 team in 2011 and 2012, and will provide alternate selections in 2010 and 2013.
- The Sun Bowl reached an agreement with the Atlantic Coast Conference and the Pacific-10/12 Conference. The Sun Bowl will have the fifth selection of ACC teams and the fourth selection of Pac-10/12 teams.[29]
- The Meineke Car Care Bowl of Texas finalized agreements with the Big 12 Conference and the Big Ten. The Texas Bowl will continue its relationship with the Big 12 and will now have the Big 12 #6 selection,[30] and will also have the Big Ten #6 selection.[31]
- Three tentative new bowl games were scheduled for 2010-11; two of them were approved by the NCAA in April 2010 and became part of that season's bowl schedule. The first of the approved bowls, called the Pinstripe Bowl, was announced on September 30, 2009. The new contest will pit the Big East against the Big 12 at Yankee Stadium in New York City. The Pinstripe Bowl will have the third or fourth selection of Big East teams and the seventh selection of Big 12 teams.[32] The other approved bowl game, the TicketCity Bowl, was announced on October 14, 2009. It will give the Big Ten and Conference USA a shot at another bowl. The game will be played in the Cotton Bowl, as the AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic was moved to Cowboys Stadium. The Cure Bowl was scheduled to be played at Bright House Networks Stadium on the Orlando, Florida campus of the University of Central Florida, but did not receive NCAA approval. It would have featured members of Conference USA and the Sun Belt Conference, and would have given the SBC a permanent third bowl tie-in.
References
- ^ "Bylaw 18.7.2 Postseason Football Championship and Postseason Bowl Licensing." (PDF). 2010–11 NCAA Division I Manual. National Collegiate Athletic Association. pp. 316–17. http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/D111.pdf. Retrieved 2010-11-28. Note that there is no provision in this rule that gives any preference to teams with winning records over 6–6 teams.
- ^ "ACC bowl tie-ins". Atlantic Coast Conference. 2009-11-06. http://www.theacc.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/110509aaa.html. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
- ^ "Big 12 Announces Bowl Agreements". Big 12. 2009-10-13. http://www.big12sports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=10410&ATCLID=204813073. Retrieved 2009-11-09.
- ^ a b "Big East Bowl Lineup". BigEast.org. http://www.bigeast.org/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=92485&SPID=11215&DB_OEM_ID=19400&ATCLID=204937249. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
- ^ Rittenberg, Adam. "Big Ten Announces Bowl Lineup for 2010-13". ESPN. http://espn.go.com/blog/bigten/post/_/id/5275/big-ten-announces-bowl-lineup-for-2010-13. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ "2009 C-USA Bowl Synopsis". The Official Site of Conference USA. http://conferenceusa.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/cusa-m-footbl-bowl-synopsis-09.html. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
- ^ "Few changes for 2009-10 college football bowl schedule -- OrlandoSentinel.com". http://www.orlandosentinel.com/sports/college/orl-sportscollege-football-bowls-7050709may07,0,7315962.story. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
- ^ "SHERATON HAWAII BOWL". http://www.sheratonhawaiibowl.com/pr/041009.html. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
- ^ "St. Petersburg Bowl FAQ's". The Official Site of the St. Petersburg Bowl. http://www.stpetersburgbowl.com/faqs.php. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
- ^ Carle, Jack (2008-07-28). "MAC's Bowl Alliances Set...For Now". Bowling Green Sentinel-Tribune. http://macreportonline.com/index.php/20080729326/Football/MAC-s-Bowl-Alliances-Set...For-Now.html. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- ^ "MWC Bowl Synopsis". TheMWC.com. http://msn.foxsports.com/collegefootball/story/College-football%3A-MWC-finalizes-bowl-deals. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- ^ http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/7376711/mountain-west-conference-aligns-sheraton-hawaii-bowl-starting-2012
- ^ Miller, Ted (2008-12-01). "A look at Pac-10 bowl possibilities, take 3". ESPNU Blog Network: Pac-10. ESPN.com. http://myespn.go.com/blogs/pac10/0-5-1/A-look-at-Pac-10-bowl-possibilities--take-3.html. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- ^ "SEC Bowl Tie-Ins". SECsports.com. http://www.secdigitalnetwork.com/tabid/473/article/130607/SEC-Bowl-Tie-Ins.aspx. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- ^ "Sun Belt Conference Enters Agreements with St. Petersburg Bowl, Papajohns.com Bowl, and PetroSun Independence Bowl". SunBeltSports.org. 2008-07-22. http://www.sunbeltsports.org/ViewArticle.dbml?&DB_OEM_ID=4100&ATCLID=1514457&SPID=1808&SPSID=22157. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- ^ http://www.theadvertiser.com/article/20111019/SPORTS/110190327/N-O-Bowl-good-deal-Cajuns
- ^ Wilner, Jon. "WAC football: The Poinsettia Bowl signs up". College Sports Hotline. San Jose Mercury News. http://blogs.mercurynews.com/collegesports/2008/10/20/wac-football-new-bowl-arrangement-big-for-san-jose-state/. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- ^ http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/7376711/mountain-west-conference-aligns-sheraton-hawaii-bowl-starting-2012
- ^ "Notre Dame Attractive to BCS". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=4628857. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
- ^ a b c "Navy tops in selling bowl tickets". The Capital HometownAnnapolis.com. http://www.hometownannapolis.com/news/nas/2009/12/26-15/Navy-tops-in-selling-bowl-tickets.html?ne=1. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
- ^ a b "Emerald Bowl Announces Agreement With Army". goarmysports.com. 2009-09-10. http://www.goarmysports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=48074&SPID=4587&DB_OEM_ID=11100&ATCLID=204791285. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ "San Diego County Credit Union Poinsettia Bowl Announces Agreement With Army". goarmysports.com. 2009-09-28. http://www.goarmysports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=48071&SPID=4587&DB_OEM_ID=11100&ATCLID=204802944. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
- ^ "Pac-10's No. 2 team to go to Alamo". ESPN.com. 2009-08-28. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=4429272. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
- ^ "Big East switches from Gator to Champs Sports Bowl in 2010". The Tampa Tribune. 2009-08-18. http://www2.tbo.com/content/2009/aug/18/big-east-switches-gator-champs-sports-bowl-2010/sports/. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
- ^ "ACC Signs Deal With Champs Bowl". The North Carolina News Network. 2009-10-08. http://www.ncnn.com/content/view/5025/27/. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ "WAC Adds Emerald Bowl Tie-In". SJSUSpartans.com. 2009-09-10. http://www.sjsuspartans.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=5600&ATCLID=204791352. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
- ^ "Big Ten Finalizes deal with Gator Bowl". The Florida Times-Union. 2009-10-14. http://jacksonville.com/node/183346. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
- ^ "I-Bowl announces conference agreements". Shreveport Times. 2009-10-22. http://www.shreveporttimes.com/article/20091022/SPORTS/91022021/1001. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
- ^ "Big East loses Sun Bowl to ACC starting in 2010". The Tampa Tribune. 2009-08-19. http://www2.tbo.com/content/2009/aug/19/big-east-loses-sun-bowl-acc-starting-2010/sports/. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
- ^ "Big News, Big Change for the Texas Bowl". texasbowl.org. 2009-10-13. http://www.texasbowl.org/news/news_detail/texas_bowl_announces_big_12_and_big_ten_partnership. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- ^ "Big Ten announces new bowl lineup". The State News. 2009-10-13. http://statenews.com/index.php/article/2009/10/big_ten_announces_new_bowl_lineup. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- ^ "BIG EAST Part Of New Football Bowl Game At Yankee Stadium". uconnhuskies.com. 2009-09-30. http://www.uconnhuskies.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/093009aaa.html. Retrieved 2009-09-30.