Automotive industry

The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles, and is one of the world's most important economic sectors by revenue.

The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to automobiles after delivery to the customer, such as repair shops and motor fuel filling stations.

Contents

History

The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 (from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back) that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event.

Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors of the first motorcycle, the Daimler Reitwagen, in 1885, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc (7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle;.[1]:p.26 Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.[1]:p.26

Until 2005, the U.S.A. was leading the world in total automobile production. In 1929 before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the US automobile industry produced over 90% of the automobiles in the world, ie 28,551,500. And over one half the cars in foreign lands were of U.S. make. At that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons. [2] In 2006, Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2008. In 2009, China took the top spot with 13.78 million units produced. With 18.3 million units produced 2010, China produced nearly twice the amount of second place Japan (9.6 million units), the U.S. trailed in third place with 7.8 million units. [3]

Main article: Automotive industry by country

Economy

About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 260 billion US gallons (980,000,000 m3) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.[4] The automobile is a primary mode of transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicts that, by 2014, one-third of world demand will be in the four BRIC markets (Brazil, Russia, India and China). Other potentially powerful automotive markets are Iran and Indonesia.[5] Emerging auto markets already buy more cars than established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the global light-vehicle sales in 2010. The study expects this trend to accelerate.[6][7]

World motor vehicle production

See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production

By year

Global production of motorvehicles

(cars and commercial vehicles)

Year Production Change Source
1997 54,434,000   [8]
1998 52,987,000 -2.7% [8]
1999 56,258,892 6.2% [9]
2000 58,374,162 3.8% [10]
2001 56,304,925 -3.5% [11]
2002 58,994,318 4.8% [12]
2003 60,663,225 2.8% [13]
2004 64,496,220 6.3% [14]
2005 66,482,439 3.1% [15]
2006 69,222,975 4.1% [16]
2007 73,266,061 5.8% [17]
2008 70,520,493 -3.7% [18]
2009 61,791,868 -12.4% [19]
2010 77,857,705 26.0% [20]

By country

Main article: List of countries by motor vehicle production
Motor vehicle production (units)
Country 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 10,000,000 11,000,000 12,000,000 13,000,000 14,000,000 15,000,000 16,000,000 17,000,000 18,000,000 19,000,000
 China 18,264,667
 Japan 9,605,985
 United States 7,761,443
 Germany 5,905,985
 South Korea 4,271,941
 Brazil 3,648,358
 India 3,536,783
 Spain 2,387,900
 Mexico 2,345,124
 France 2,227,742
 Canada 2,071,026
 Thailand 1,644,513
 Iran 1,599,454
 Russia 1,403,244
 UK 1,393,463
 Turkey 1,097,554
 Czech Rep. 1,076,385
 Poland 869,736
 Italy 857,359
Reference: "Production Statistics". OICA. http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/. Retrieved 2011-04-07. 
                                                                                               

By manufacturer

Total motor vehicle production
Group 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 10,000,000
Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial Vehicles Heavy Buses
Toyota 8,557,351
GM 8,476,192
Volkswagen 7,341,065
Hyundai Motor 5,764,918
Ford 4,988,031
Nissan 3,982,162
Honda 3,643,057
PSA 3,605,524
Suzuki 2,892,945
Renault 2,716,286
Fiat 2,410,021
Daimler AG 1,940,465
Chrysler 1,578,488
BMW 1,481,253
Mazda 1,307,540
Mitsubishi 1,174,383
Chana Automobile 1,102,683 2,378,052
Tata 1,011,343
FAW 896,060 2,572,260
Geely 802,319
Chery 692,438
Fuji 649,954
Dongfeng Motor 649,559 2,769,883
Beijing Automotive 617,725 1,504,083
AvtoVAZ 545,767
BYD 521,232
Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial Vehicles Heavy Buses
Total: 77,743,862 Cars: 60,343,756 LCV: 13,370,432 HCV: 3,510,681 Heavy Bus: 518,993
Numbers in italics are including joint ventures
Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World ranking of manufacturers 2010". OICA. August 2011. http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/ranking-2010.pdf. 

Company relationships

It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.

Notable current relationships include:

Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)

The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2010 end of year production figures from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)[21] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque. Joint ventures are not reflected in this table. Production figures of joint ventures are typically included in OICA rankings, which can become a source of controversy.[22][23]

Marque Country of origin Ownership Markets
1. Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Lexus Division Global
Scion Division North America
Toyota Division Global
Daihatsu Subsidiary Global, except North America and Australia
Hino Subsidiary Asia Pacific, North America and South America
2. General Motors Company ( United States)
Buick Division North America, China, Israel, Taiwan
Cadillac Division North America, Europe, Asia, Middle East, Africa
Chevrolet Division Global, except Australia, New Zealand
GMC Division North America, Middle East
Holden Subsidiary Australia, New Zealand
Opel Subsidiary Global, except North America, United Kingdom
Vauxhall Subsidiary United Kingdom
3. Volkswagen Group AG ( Germany)
Audi Subsidiary Global
Bentley Subsidiary Global
Bugatti Subsidiary Global
Lamborghini Subsidiary Global
Scania Subsidiary Global
SEAT Subsidiary Europe, South America, North Africa, Middle East
Škoda Subsidiary Global, except North America, Japan and South Africa
Volkswagen Subsidiary Global
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Subsidiary Global
4. Hyundai Motor Group ( South Korea)
Hyundai Division Global
Kia Division Global, except Mexico
5. Ford Motor Company ( United States)
Ford Division Global
Lincoln Division North America, Middle East, Japan, South Korea
Troller Subsidiary South America
6. Nissan ( Japan)
Infiniti Division Global, except Japan, South America and Africa
Nissan Division Global
7. Honda Motor Company ( Japan)
Acura Division North America, China
Honda Division Global
8. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. ( France)
Citroën Subsidiary Global, except North America, South Asia
Peugeot Subsidiary Global, except North America, South Asia
9. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Suzuki Division Global
Maruti Suzuki Subsidiary India, Middle East, South America
10. Renault ( France)
Dacia Subsidiary Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia, except Japan
Renault Division Global, except North America, South Korea
Renault Samsung Subsidiary South America, Asia, except Japan and China
11. Fiat S.p.A. ( Italy)
Abarth Subsidiary Global
Alfa Romeo Subsidiary Global
Ferrari Subsidiary Global
Fiat Subsidiary Global
Fiat Professional Subsidiary Global, except North America and Japan
Lancia Subsidiary Europe and Japan (except UK and Republic of Ireland)
Maserati Subsidiary Global
12. Daimler AG ( Germany)
Freightliner Division North America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand
Master Subsidiary Pakistan
Maybach Division Global
Mercedes-Benz Division Global
Mitsubishi Fuso Subsidiary Global
Orion Subsidiary North America
Setra Subsidiary Europe
Smart Division Global
Thomas Built Subsidiary North America
Western Star Subsidiary North America, Australia, New Zealand
13. Chrysler Group, LLC ( United States)
Chrysler Division Global, UK and Republic of Ireland, except Europe
Dodge Division Global, except Europe
Jeep Division Global
Ram Division North America
14. BMW AG ( Germany)
BMW Division Global
MINI Division Global
Rolls-Royce Subsidiary Global
15. Mazda Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Mazda Division Global
16. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ( Japan)
Mitsubishi Division Global
17. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Chana Division China, South Africa, Europe
18. Tata Motors, Ltd ( India)
Hispano Subsidiary Europe
Jaguar Subsidiary Global
Land Rover Subsidiary Global
Tata Division Global, except North America
Tata Daewoo Subsidiary South Korea
19. First Automotive Group Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
Besturn Division China
Freewind Subsidiary China
Haima Subsidiary China
Hongqi Division China
Jiaxing Subsidiary China
Vita Subsidiary China
Xiali Subsidiary China
20. Geely Automobile ( People's Republic of China)
Geely Division China, Russia, North Africa
Maple Division China
Volvo (Cars) Subsidiary Global
21. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Chery Division China, Africa, South East Asia, Russia
Riich Division China
Rely Division China
22. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd ( Japan)
Subaru Division Global
23. Dongfeng Motor Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
Dongfeng Division China
24. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
BAW Division China
Foton Subsidiary China
25. OAO AvtoVAZ ( Russia)
Lada Division Global, except North America and Portugal
VAZ Division Russia
26. BYD Auto ( People's Republic of China)
BYD Division China, Russia
27. Isuzu Motors, Ltd ( Japan)
Isuzu Division Global, except North America
28. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
JAC Division China
29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Brilliance Division China, North Africa
Jinbei Subsidiary China
30. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Great Wall Division China, South Africa, Russia, North Africa, Australia
Litex Motors Subsidiary Europe
31. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
MG Motor Subsidiary China, United Kingdom, Chile, Argentina
Roewe Division China
Soyat Division China
Yuejin Division China
32. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd ( India)
Mahindra Division India, South East Asia, Europe, North Africa, North America, Australia
SsangYong** Subsidiary Global
33. Hafei Motor ( China)
Hafei Subsidiary China
34. AB Volvo ( Sweden)
Mack Subsidiary Global
Nissan Diesel Subsidiary Global
NovaBus Subsidiary North America
Prevost Subsidiary North America
Renault Trucks Subsidiary Global, except Japan
Volvo Trucks Division Global
35. Jiangxi Changhe Automobile ( China)
Changhe Division China
36. Qingling Motors Company Ltd. ( China)
Qingling Division China
37. Proton Holdings, Bhd ( Malaysia)
Proton Division Asia Pacific (except Japan and South Africa), United Kingdom, Middle East
Lotus Subsidiary Global
38. Hunan Jiangnan Automobile ( People's Republic of China)
Jiangnan Division China
39. MAN SE ( Germany)
MAN SE Division Europe
40. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Lifan Division China
41. Fujian Motor Industry Group Company ( People's Republic of China)
Soueast Division China
42. Kuozui Motors, Ltd ( Taiwan)
Kuozui Subsidiary Taiwan
43. Shandong Kaima ( China)
Kaima Division China
Jubao Division China
Aofeng Division China
44. Porsche ( Germany)
Porsche Subsidiary Global
45. Chenzhou Gonow Nanyan Chifeng Vehicle ( People's Republic of China)
Gonow Division China
46. Ziyang Nanjun Automobile Co., Ltd. ( People's Republic of China)
Nanjun Division China
47. Rongcheng Huatai Motor ( People's Republic of China)
Huatai Division China

Notes

* Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.7 percent share in the Volkswagen Group.[24] However, Volkswagen Group will acquire Porsche AG, the automotive manufacturer under a new "Integrated Automotive Group". This merger/acquisition is expected to be fully completed in mid-2011.[25][26]

** SsangYong Motor Company was acquired by India's Mahindra & Mahindra Limited in February 2011.[27]

Minor automotive manufacturers

Main article: Minor automotive manufacturing groups

There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies. They are mostly regional or operating in niche markets.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Georgano, G. N. Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985)
  2. ^ "U.S. Makes Ninety Percent of World's Automobiles" Popular Science Monthly, November 1929, p. 84.
  3. ^ "Production Statistics". OICA. http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/. Retrieved 9 Seitember 2011. 
  4. ^ "Automobile Industry Introduction". Plunkett Research. 2008. http://www.plunkettresearch.com/Industries/AutomobilesTrucks/AutomobileTrends/tabid/89/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2010-09-09. 
  5. ^ Paul A. Eisenstein Building BRIC's: 4 Markets Could Soon Dominate the Auto World at TheDetroitBureau.com
  6. ^ Bertel Schmitt (15 February 2011). "Auto industry sets new world record". The Truth About Cars. http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/02/auto-industry-sets-new-world-record-in-2010-will-do-it-again-in-2011. Retrieved 7 August 2011. 
  7. ^ [http://businesscenter.jdpower.com/news/pressrelease.aspx?ID=2011018 "Global Automotive Outlook for 2011 Appears Positive as Mature Auto Markets Recover, Emerging Markets Continue to Expand"]. J.D. Power and Associates. 15 February 2011. http://businesscenter.jdpower.com/news/pressrelease.aspx?ID=2011018. Retrieved 7 August 2011. 
  8. ^ a b http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/cl98type.pdf
  9. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/1999-statistics/
  10. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2000-statistics/
  11. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2001-statistics/
  12. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2002-statistics/
  13. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2003-statistics/
  14. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2004-statistics/
  15. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2005-statistics/
  16. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2006-statistics/
  17. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2007-statistics/
  18. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2008-statistics/
  19. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2009-statistics
  20. ^ http://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/
  21. ^ "World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of Manufacturers Year 2010" (PDF). OICA. http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/ranking-2010.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  22. ^ "GM Slips to Number Two Worldwide, Ford to Fourth". The Truth About Cars. http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/gm-slips-to-number-two-worldwide-ford-to-fourth/. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  23. ^ "TTAC Announces World's Top Ten Automakers". The Truth About Cars. http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/ttac-announces-world%E2%80%99s-top-ten-automakers/. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  24. ^ "Volkswagen Group - Shareholder Structure". Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. VolkswagenAG.com. http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/content/en/investor_relations/share/Shareholder_Structure.html. Retrieved 22 December 2009. 
  25. ^ "Porsche Supervisory Board agrees on the contracts of implementation" (Press release). Porsche Automobil Holding SE, Stuttgart. 20 November 2009. http://www.porsche-se.com/pho/en/news/?pool=pho&id=2009-11-20. Retrieved 22 November 2009. 
  26. ^ "Volkswagen Supervisory Board approves Comprehensive Agreement for an Integrated Automotive Group with Porsche" (Press release). Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 13 August 2009. http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/news/2009/08/Volkswagen_Aufsichtsrat_stimmt_Grundlagenvereinbarung_fuer.html. Retrieved 22 November 2009. 
  27. ^ Nandini Sen Gupta, TNN, Feb 16, 2011, 12.56am IST (2011-02-16). "M&M seals $470m Ssangyong deal - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/MM-seals-470m-Ssangyong-deal/articleshow/7505113.cms. Retrieved 2011-02-25. 

External links