| Countries | Austria |
|---|---|
| Confederation | UEFA |
| Founded | 1974 |
| Number of teams | 10 |
| Levels on pyramid | 1 |
| Relegation to | Austrian Football First League |
| Domestic cup(s) | Austrian Cup Austrian Supercup |
| International cup(s) | Champions League Europa League |
| Current champions | SK Sturm Graz (2010–11) |
| Most championships | SK Rapid Wien (32 titles) |
| Website | www.bundesliga.at |
| 2011–12 season | |
The Austrian Football Bundesliga (German: Österreichische Fußball-Bundesliga) is the highest-ranking national league club competition in Austrian football. It is the competition which decides the Austrian national football champions, as well the country's entrants for the various European cups run by UEFA.
The Austrian Bundesliga, which began in the 1974–75 season, has been a separate registered association since 1 December 1991. It has been most won by the two Viennese giants FK Austria Wien, who were national champions 23 times, and SK Rapid Wien, who won the national title 32 times. At present it is composed of two divisions – the Bundesliga and First League, known as "tipp3-Bundesliga powered by T-Mobile" and "ADEG 1st league" for sponsorship reasons.
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Football has been played in Austria since around 1890. Around the turn of the twentieth century two attempts were made to start a national championship. From 1900 onwards, a cup competition was played in Vienna, the Neues Wiener Tagblatt Pokal. This cup was actually played in league format.[1]
The efforts to create a football league succeeded in 1911, with the introduction of the first Austrian football championship. The competition for this championship, the 1. Klasse (First Class), was created and organized by the Niederösterreichischer Fußball-Verband (the Lower Austrian Football Federation), and the participants played for the title of Niederösterreichische Landesmeister (Lower Austrian National Champion). From 1924, the league was considered professional and changed its name to I. Liga (First League).[2]
In 1929, an all-Austrian amateur championship was first played, won by Grazer AK. Clubs from the professional league in Vienna were not part of this competition.[3] Teams from the other states of Austria were first allowed to join the highest division with the introduction of the Nationalliga (National League) in the season of 1937–38.[4]
Austria's annexation by Germany in 1938 brought the Austrian Nationalliga to an early end. Numerous teams were disbanded and some players fled out of the country. The Austrian Nationalliga was integrated into the system of the NSRL, the Sports office of the Third Reich as the Gau XVII section under Gaufachwart Hans Janisch. Despised by Nazis as unworthy of a true German, professionalism in sports was outlawed in May 1938. "Innovations" like the Hitler salute were introduced as compulsory before and after every game. Teams, like Hakoah Wien were banned and others, like FK Austria Wien were first closed and then re-named. Finally, the operation of the junior teams was handed over to the local Hitlerjugend units.[5]
The new highest league in what had been Austria, the Gauliga Ostmark, was an amateur league and covered the whole of the former country except Tyrol and Vorarlberg, which were added to the Bavarian league system.[6] The league champions now qualified for the German football championship, which Rapid Vienna won in 1941. From 1941, the league was renamed Gauliga Donau-Alpenland to further eradicate the memory of Austria as an independent country.
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II and the disbandment of the NSRL, Austria's teams were excluded again from the German league.
The league returned to a Vienna-only format in 1945, briefly named 1. Klasse once more before changing to just Liga in 1946.
Only upon the introduction of the all-Austrian Staatsliga A in 1949 did teams from the whole federal territory finally play for the Austrian Championship. However, the road to organising the Staatsliga proved difficult. A conflict between the representatives of the amateur and the professional aspects of the sport led to the separation of the Viennese league from the football federation, and to the establishment of its own competition on June 30, 1949. At the statutory Presidential Election Council of the Austrian Football Association only a few days later a surprising turn took place – upon the request of Lower Austria, the introduction of the Staatsliga was finally and unanimously confirmed. The organization was in the hands of the Fußballstaatsliga Österreich, created for this purpose.[7] A Staatsliga B, the second division of national league football, was formed in 1950. This league, however, was disbanded again in 1959, whereby the Staatsliga A dropped the A from its name, the need for differentiating having been gone.[8]
In 1965, however, the Austrian Football Association again took over the organization of the top division, with the (second) introduction of the Nationalliga.[9]
On 21 April 1974, against the vote of the Vorarlberg association, the introduction of the Bundesliga was decided. The Nationalliga remained as the second division, for now.[10]
In the 1974–75 season the Bundesliga was introduced which, still led by the Austrian Football Association, aligned both of the highest divisions in Austria. In 1976, the Nationalliga was renamed to Bundesliga – Second Division while the Bundesliga was now called Bundesliga – First Division.[11]
26 years after dissolution of the independent Staatsliga on 17 November 1991, the Austrian Football Bundesliga was reconstituted as a federation and admitted on 1 December 1991 to the Austrian Football Association as its 10th member.
Since 1991 the Bundesliga has carried its own responsibility as a separate association, and organises the championships of the two highest divisions in Austria. Both are named after their sponsors; at present the Bundesliga is named after T-Mobile and Tipp3. The "Erste Liga" doesn't have a sponsor at the moment and is called "Heute für morgen Erste Liga" (Today for tomorrow first league). In addition the Bundesliga is responsible for the Toto Jugendliga, leagues for under 15/17/19 Teams of professional Clubs and academies. The Bundesliga also represents professional football in Austria, in co-operation with the football clubs themselves.
The Bundesliga is legally a non-profit organisation. The twenty-two teams of the T-Mobile Bundesliga and the Red Zac first division constitute the members of the Bundesliga. The Bundesliga is represented by an acting executive committee, which supports a supervisory board. Each association of the two professional leagues is represented in presidential conferences; these have advisory function in all affairs concerning the Bundesliga.
The 'senates' are organising committees which consist of honorary and committee-members independent of the clubs. The first senate is responsible for suspensions and for the running of championship games. The second senate functions as an arbitration board for financial disagreements, the third senate is responsible for all financial concerns and the fourth senate is the panel of referees for the Bundesliga.
The evaluation of a club's economic competency which is required in order to obtain a playing license for the two professional leagues takes place at the fifth senate, the Bundesliga license committee.
The Austrian Bundesliga carries the obligation for a positive development of football as a sport at the élite level, as well as for the advancement of the next generation of players in co-operation with the teams at the junior levels of the sport. To accomplish this, the Bundesliga requires economic audits of the teams, the introduction of laws particular to professional football, TV marketing, centralised sponsorship and collective marketing for all teams.
In the Tipp 3 Bundesliga, 10 teams play a "double championship" with each team playing every other twice at home and twice away during a championship year which is divided into an autumn and a spring season. The season typically lasts from July to June of the following year. At the end of the season, the team finishing in last place in the table is relegated to the ADEG Erste Liga, the champion of which is promoted to the Tipp 3 Bundesliga.
The ten teams competing in the 2011–12 Bundesliga season are:
| Club | Location | 2010–11 season |
|---|---|---|
| SK Sturm Graz | Graz | 1st |
| FC Red Bull Salzburg | Wals-Siezenheim | 2nd |
| FK Austria Wien | Vienna | 3rd |
| SV Ried | Ried im Innkreis | 4th |
| SK Rapid Wien | Vienna | 5th |
| FC Wacker Innsbruck | Innsbruck | 6th |
| SC Wiener Neustadt | Wiener Neustadt | 7th |
| Kapfenberger SV | Kapfenberg | 8th |
| SV Mattersburg | Mattersburg | 9th |
| FC Admira | Mödling | Erste Liga 1st |
The Bundesliga champion qualifies for the UEFA Champions League, and the clubs at positions 2 and 3, as well as the Austrian Cup winner, enter the qualification rounds for the UEFA Europa League. In case Bundesliga champion is equal to the Austrian Cup winner the team in 4th position enters the qualification for the UEFA Europa League.
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