| Bourne | |
Bourne town centre |
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Bourne
Bourne shown within Lincolnshire |
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| Population | 11,933 [1] |
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| OS grid reference | TF094202 |
| District | South Kesteven |
| Shire county | Lincolnshire |
| Region | East Midlands |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BOURNE |
| Postcode district | PE10 |
| Dialling code | 01778 |
| Police | Lincolnshire |
| Fire | Lincolnshire |
| Ambulance | East Midlands |
| EU Parliament | East Midlands |
| UK Parliament | Grantham and Stamford |
| List of places: UK • England • Lincolnshire | |
Bourne is a market town and civil parish on the western edge of the Fens, in the District of South Kesteven in southern Lincolnshire, England.
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The town[2] owes its origin to the Roman road upon which it was built, and also to the exceptionally fine-quality water supply derived locally from natural springs. The name “Bourne” (or “Bourn”, as the town was originally known) is a common name for a settlement and derives from the Anglo-Saxon meaning “water” or “stream”. The town lies on the intersection of the A15 and the B1193 (formerly A151) roads at . As well as the main township, the civil parish includes the hamlets of Cawthorpe, Dyke and Twenty.[3] In former years Austerby was regarded by some as a separate settlement, with its own shops and street plan, but is now an area of Bourne known as The Austerby.[4]
The ecclesiastical parish of Bourne is part of the Beltisloe Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln and is based at the Abbey Church of St Peter and St Paul, in church walk. The incumbent is The Revd Chris Atkinson.[5] Several other religious denominations are represented in the town, including the Methodist, Baptist and United Reformed churches, and the Roman Catholic church.
The town's economy was based on rural industries. The coming of the railway opened up a market for mineral waters bottled locally. Today the local economy is still mainly rurally-based, revolving around agriculture and food preparation and packaging geared towards the modern system of supermarkets, but there are also important light engineering and tourism activities. The district as a whole has one of the fastest-growing housing markets in the whole country, with much of the new building taking place in Bourne. The town's population is now (2006) nearer to 15,000 than the 12,000 or so given in the 2001 Census data. There are approximately 5,424 households in Bourne as of 2007.
Sugar beet was first successfully grown as an English crop, in the fenland east of Bourne, after trials elsewhere in the country had proved unsuccessful, by British Sugar Ltd. It had been developed in Germany and France in the early 19th century. Although Britain's demand for sugar was mostly fulfilled by European beet imports until shortly after 1900, the successful sugar beet production in areas such as that around Twenty, fulfilled the nation's sugar requirements during the 20th century's two world wars.
Much of Bourne's 19th century affluence came from the corn trade boom following the mechanisation of fen drainage, and the production of wheat is still important. In the 21st century hydroponic food production plants have been built on the edge of the fen.
Although the Autocast foundry has closed because of the shrinking British car industry, there are a number of small machine shops and fabricators in the south and east of the town. These include Pilbeam Racing, in Graham Hill Way, and Trackline International, manufacturers of 'crawler undercarriage systems'. There are also plants producing pre-prepared salads and vegetables for the supermarket trade. Bourne has two printing companies, and manufacturers of double glazing and fibreglass mouldings.
In the same area are distribution warehouses for a large brewer and general transport and storage companies, and a game merchant operates from one of the smaller factory estates.
As well as town centre shops, there are garden centres in Cherry Holt Road, furniture and decorating shopping in Manning Road, and specialist suppliers of kitchen, decorative, catering and light engineering supplies.
Bourne has two County Council wards:
Bourne Abbey:
Bourne Castle:
Bourne has two District Council wards, each electing three councillors:
Bourne East:
Bourne West:
Bourne Town Council has two wards which are identical to the South Kesteven District Council wards. Bourne East elects seven councillors to the town council and Bourne West eight.
From 1899 to 1974, Bourne had an urban district council in the former Parts of Kesteven. Under the Local Government Act 1972, Bourne UDC was dissolved into the newly-formed South Kesteven district. Urban districts which disappeared in this way formed successor parishes and were given a dispensation to call their "parish" councils "town" councils, and the chairman is given the title town mayor. These town councils were allowed to adopt the coat of arms granted to the former UDC.
A Bourne Rural District also existed from 1894 to 1931, when it was abolished to form part of a larger South Kesteven Rural District. The parish of Bourne had formed part of Bourne RD from 1894 to 1899. South Kesteven R.D.C. had its own distinct coat of arms which disappeared along with that of Kesteven in 1974, and very few copies of either remain in existence.
Since October 1989, Bourne has been twinned with Doudeville, Seine Maritime, France.
Parts of the west of Bourne are drained by one of two Internal Drainage Boards, The Black Sluice IDB[9] and the Welland and Deepings IDB.[10]
Many houses in Bourne pay additional drainage rates to these authorities. Details of the designated flood risk areas can be found on a number of government web sites.[11]
Built in the 1960s as part of the large expansion of housing to the west of the town, it has been twice enlarged to cope with increasing rolls. It has a roll of 629.[12] A November 2008 Ofsted inspection accorded the school a Grade 1 (outstanding).[13][14] Some former pupils of the school are now scattered worldwide, as far as Australia.[15] The school hosts its own pre-school facility, the Bluebird Pre-school Playgroup.[16] As of 2009, the school is an award holder in the schools section of the Clean Air Awards Scheme,[17] under the auspices of Lincolnshire County Council.[18] It was cited as a Flagship School for the Food for Life Partnership 2009 to 2010 achieving a bronze award,[19] partly with respect to its cookery club.[20] In 2010 it won Best School Garden in the East Midlands and a gold medal with Britain in Bloom. In 2009 the school had won a silver gilt medal in the same competition.[21] This was one of the first schools to be rated as a National Healthy School in the programme of the same name; it has been given the gold award for the quality and range of its sports provision under the Active Mark Scheme.[22] A pupil at the school received The Local's Rose Award in 2009 for caring for his mother during illness.[23] Local respect was demonstrated in 2008 for this school's educational and fundraising work, when its school fete received a flypast by a Spitfire and Dakota.[24] In 2007 and 2008, pupils filled 200 shoe boxes with gifts for needy children as part of the Operation Christmas Child appeal.[25][26] Pupils continue charity work outside the school; for example a pupil has contributed to the local newspaper's appeal to send gift boxes to military personnel serving abroad.[27]
In response to Bourne's tradition of agriculture and Lincolnshire's horticulture, and to its site and environment as detailed below, the school has its own gardening clubs and grows its own vegetables.[28] It has organised voluntary maintenance of public flower beds in Bourne by pupils since 2009.[29][30] An orchard has been donated to the school, and this has been maintained by the pupils with the aim of provision of some fruit to the school.[31] Besides the Food for Life partnership award and the cookery club as mentioned above, the pupils cook pancakes for the Pancake Day celebrations.[32][33] The school has a choir which also sings in Bourne Methodist Church.[34] The choir has performed at local public events, such as the turning on of the Christmas lights in Bourne in 2007,[35] and charity events such as the Bourne Round Table dinner for pensioners in 2008.[34] As Lincolnshire champions and as representative of the East Midlands, the school's rugby team reached the finals of the Tag 2 Twickenham rugby tournament and competed at Rugby School in Warwickshire in 2009.[36] Cycling has been supported by the school, with a six-week Go-Ride cycling skills programme taking place in 2008.[37] Some pupils from the school take part in other sports such as motocross and skateboarding;[38] a pupil asked the council for a local skatepark in 2002, and the idea was being resurrected by the council as of 2010.[39][40] One pupil won three gold medals in the Cambridgeshire Gymnastics floor and vault competition in 2008.[41]
The school was built on the site of Westfield. Between the 9th and 20th centuries, Westfield was a set of three fields arranged as and used as an existing medieval agricultural three-field system,[42] which was a form of crop rotation in use from the Middle Ages. It is this site which accounts for the name of the school. On Google Earth, the 2010 aerial photograph of the school playing field at 52°46′08″N; 0°23′19.23″W shows cropmarks which may indicate the archaeological site of these three fields. The site is close to and associated with Car Dyke,[43][44] and this may imply a connection between the three-field system and the dyke, involving drainage, irrigation and transport of crops and materials.[45][46][47] The historical association between Westfield and Car Dyke for crop and materials transport is a strong probability because droving roads and the later turnpikes were less viable than waterways until the A151 road was built.[48] In the tradition of UK primary schools, the pupils are taught geography and history in the context of the school's site environment as well as contemporary and worldwide context. That is to say, the school's site and environment directly affects the education of the pupils.[12][31]
The original modern building was created in 1963 by a team of architects in Lincolnshire Council's building department. It would have been a flat-roofed building.[49][50] Since then, there has been a series of extensions which are now fused to form a cohesive unit. The most recent two projects on the site were designed by Wilson and Heath of Stamford,[51] who built a covered courtyard and library at the school.[50] This architectural firm has worked on Fishmongers' Hall in London and the University of Exeter, and has won a civic award in Stamford.[52] Two more classrooms and a covered way are now being planned by the school, which is again using the same architects.[53]
Bourne Market Place is at the crossroads of the A15 road and the B1193. Strictly speaking, it was a staggered pair of T-junctions where the A15 was met by the A151 from Spalding to the east and the B676 from the west (the article A151 road explains) before the B676 was redesignated as an extension of the A151 to Colsterworth. The A151 was diverted from the town centre via Cherry Holt Road and a newly-opened relief road in 2005. When the rapid expansion of the town was first proposed in the early 1990s, development was scheduled to the north-east of the town, and part of this would have been a north/south bypass on the A15 under Section 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. However, the chosen site was shifted to the south-west of the town, and the proposed by-pass was lost. A large volume of traffic is generated within the town, with the result that the A15 between Bourne and Peterborough is one of the busiest roads in the county. To the west of the town, the A6121 branches from the A151 and takes traffic towards Stamford
Confusion: When the relief road opened, the section of the A151 in the town centre was renumbered. However, ever since then some published road maps are incorrect. The A151 now follows Cherry Holt Road, it no longer continues to the town centre. The only reliable map is the Ordnance Survey: TF1020. The error seems also to affect satellite navigation systems, causing large lorries to attempt a tight corner in the town centre rather than keeping to the correct roads.
There is a bus station at the top of North Street.
The town's bus services are provided by Delaine, a family-owned and run company which has been operating in Bourne for many years.
There is a daily long-distance coach from Grimsby to London Victoria that stops at Bourne bus station around 11.00am, the return journey arriving just after 5.30pm.
The Ancient Woodland of Bourne Woods, although much reduced, is still extant and is now managed by the Forestry Commission.
The earliest documentary reference to Brunna, meaning stream, is from a document of 960, and the town appeared in the Domesday Book as Brune.[54]
Bourne Abbey, (charter 1138), formerly held and maintained land in Bourne and other parishes. In later times this was known as the manor of 'Bourne Abbots'. Whether the canons knew that name is less clear. The estate was given by the Abbey's founder, Baldwin fitz Gilbert de Clare, son of Gilbert fitz Richard, and later benefactors. The abbey was established under the Arrouaisian order. Its fundamental rule was that of Augustine and as time went on, it came to be regarded as Augustinian. The Ormulum, an important Middle English Biblical gloss, was probably written in the abbey in around 1175.
Bourne Castle was built on land that is now the Wellhead Gardens in South Street.[55][56][57]
Bourne was an important junction on the Victorian railway system, but all such connections were severed after the Second World War (see Rail heading). The business stimulus it brought caused major development of the town, and many of the buildings around the medieval street plan were rebuilt, or at least refaced. Improved communications allowed a bottled water industry to develop, and to provide coal deliveries for the town's gas works.
The then local authority, Bourne Urban District Council, was very active in the interests of the town, taking over the gas works and the local watercress beds at times of financial difficulty and running them as commercial activities. Large numbers of good quality council houses were built by them in the early 20th century.
Bourne sent many men to both of the 20th century's world wars, as did any other town in Britain, but was otherwise only lightly affected. During World War II a German bomber crashed onto the Butcher's Arms public house in Eastgate, after being shot down. Nine people were killed, including the bomber's crew. In a separate incident a number of bombs were dropped on the approved school, a row of wooden huts adjacent to the woods that may have been mistaken for a military camp. Charles Richard Sharpe was injured in the second incident, but he was no stranger to fighting the Germans, having been awarded the Victoria Cross in the first conflict of the century.
The first local railway was the Earl of Ancaster's estate railway, which ran from the East Coast Main Line at Little Bytham, through the Grimsthorpe estate to Edenham.[58]
Later Bourne had a railway station which was on both the Great Northern line from Essendine[59] to Sleaford and the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway connecting the Midlands[60] to East Anglia. Both these were closed to timetabled passenger service by the end of February, 1959 and the lines were closed to occasional use by the Beeching Axe. With the exception of the Red Hall, the principal station buildings were demolished in 1964, the year after the Beeching Report. The main goods shed survived however, just into the new century and there remains an unusual survival: a goods store of wooden construction. The mechanism of the locomotive turntable is now in the Wansford depot of the Nene Valley Railway.
The Bourne-Morton Canal or Bourne Old Ea connected the town to the sea in Roman times.
Until the mid-19th century, the present Bourne Eau was capable of carrying commercial boat traffic from the Wash coast and Spalding. This resulted from the investment following the Bourne Navigation Act of 1780. Passage became impossible once the junction of the Eau and the River Glen was converted from gates to a sluice in 1860.
Bourne Town Football Club, known affectionately as "The Wakes", plays football in the United Counties Football League and the junior club runs teams for young people at all ages in local league competitions. Bourne Cricket Club is one of the strongest[says who?] in the Lincolnshire Premier Division and often provides players for the Lincolnshire Minor Counties team. These teams play their home games at the Abbey Lawn, a recreation ground privately owned by the Bourne United Charities. Also at "The Lawn" are the tennis and bowls clubs, Bourne Rugby Club is based outside the town at Milking Nook Drove , with senior teams and thriving[says who?] Junior and Mini sections. The hockey club is obliged to play elsewhere, as there is not a suitable all-weather playing surface in the town. Bourne also hosts a number of other sporting clubs, particularly in the field of martial arts, and efforts to build a skate park continue.[says who?] The leisure centre is attached to Robert Manning College and caters for a number of indoor activities, including a swimming pool.
For the past 80 years, Bourne has been noted in the field of motorsport under the names of Raymond Mays, ERA, BRM, the Hall brothers and Pilbeam Racing Designs.
The two famous[says who?] racing car marques English Racing Automobiles and British Racing Motors were both founded by Raymond Mays, international racing driver and designer. ERA started in 1934. BRM's first car was unveiled in 1949 at Folkingham Airfield.
The former workshops are now occupied by a firm of auctioneers who use them as a saleroom, but the achievements of Raymond Mays and the motor racing connection with Bourne are remembered with a Memorial Room at the town's Heritage Centre (Baldock's Mill in South Street). It should be noted[says who?] that Raymond Mays said many times that he could not have been as successful as he was without his PA and good friend, Trissie Carlton, whose daughter Anne Boggitt has helped to keep the memory of Raymond Mays alive by donating many trophies to Baldock's Mill Museum. The room is filled with photographs, memorabilia and an impressive[says who?] display of silverware won by BRM cars and drivers on international circuits. Following on from a uniquely memorable[says who?] Sunday in August 1999 when a collection of BRM cars paraded around the streets of the town watched by hundreds of spectators, a superb[says who?] memorial to Raymond Mays and the town's motor racing heritage was unveiled in South Street in 2003.
Bourne continues to be closely connected with the motorsport industry. In 1975, BRM's former Chief Designer, Mike Pilbeam, set up Pilbeam Racing Designs which is still based in the town. Pilbeam is particularly known for its outstanding successes in hillclimbing in the 1980s and early 1990s.
There are currently 71 listed buildings in the parish of Bourne, the most important being Bourne Abbey and Parish Church of St. Peter and St. Paul (1138) which is the only one scheduled Grade I. The others are Grade II, the most colourful being the aptly named Red Hall (ca. 1620), finished in red brick with ashlar quoins, many gabled and featuring a fine Tuscan porch. From 1860 to 1959, it was the town's railway station booking office and waiting room. At two stages, in the 1890s and 1960s, it came close to demolition but the building is now well preserved by Bourne United Charities. The former station booking office serves as the BUC's office.
Baldock's Mill (1800), once a corn-grinding water mill, together with the miller's house, has been converted by Bourne Civic Society to serve as the town's Heritage Centre. It houses many interesting artefacts, most recently a water-wheel has been installed and a newly-created replica of a Charles Frederick Worth dress is on display.
The Baptist Church building dates from 1835 but the church itself was established here in the 1640s. This building, the Methodist Church (1841) and the United Reformed Church (1846) are all still in active use.
The Old Grammar School was housed in a fine red-brick building with a Collyweston roof, built in the 17th century and largely rebuilt in 1738. The school closed in 1904, and the building, which stands in the Abbey churchyard, has since been used for a variety of purposes. Maintenance has been lacking for many years and the roof was condemned as unsafe in April 2003 but has now been repaired. The building is in need of a good use but problems of access make finding one difficult.
At the cemetery owned and run by the town council is a chapel,[61] built in 1855. In recent years, the building has not been used as a chapel, and the fabric has deteriorated. This is attributed to a lack of maintenance by the council due to financial constraints, however, the shallowness of the foundations is said to be the principal cause.[62] The chapel now requires considerable expenditure if it is to survive, but on 23 January 2007 the town council took the decision to demolish it.[63] In 2007, local campaigners obtained a Grade II listing from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, which secures the building from demolition for the foreseeable future. In 2008, the effort is now under way to identify a source of funding (estimated around £400,000) to render the building fit for long-term community use.
In July 2008, the Ostler Memorial in the town's cemetery, an ornate Gothic water fountain originally erected in the market place in 1860 to the memory of local benefactor John Lely Ostler (1811–59) but neglected in recent years, was also given a Grade II status by DCMS bringing the total number of listed buildings in Bourne to 71.
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