| Aurangabad औरंगाबाद اورنگ آباد |
|
| City of Gates, | |
| — city — | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Coordinates | 19°53′N 75°19′E / 19.88°N 75.32°ECoordinates: 19°53′N 75°19′E / 19.88°N 75.32°E |
| Country | India |
| Region | Marathwada |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District(s) | Aurangabad |
| Divisional Commissioner of Aurangabad | Bhaskar Munde |
| Mayor | Anita Ghodele |
| Population • Density |
1,710,285+ inculdes nearest suburbs, waluj (2011[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aurangabad,_Maharashtra&action=edit [update]]) • 6,051 /km2 (15,672 /sq mi) |
| Official languages | Marathi, Urdu |
|---|---|
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area |
300 square kilometres (120 sq mi) • 513 metres (1,683 ft) |
| Website | www.AurangabadMahapalika.org |
Aurangabad (Marathi: औरंगाबाद), Urdu: اورنگآباد, , is a city in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India. Aurangabad (meaning "Built by the Throne") is named after the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The city is a tourist hub, surrounded with many historical monuments, including the Ajanta Caves and Ellora Caves, which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as Bibi Ka Maqbara. The administrative headquarters of the Aurangabad Division or Marathwada region, Aurangabad is said to be a City of Gates and the strong presence of these can be felt as one drives through the city. Recently, Aurangabad has been declared as Tourism Capital of Maharashtra.[1] It is also one of the fastest growing cities in the world.[2]
Aurangabad was founded in 1610 A.D. by Malik Ambar, the Prime Minister of Murtaza Nizam Shah of Ahmadnagar, on the site of a village called Khadki. He made it his capital and the men of his army raised their dwellings around it. Within a decade, Khadki grew into a populous and imposing city. Malik Ambar cherished strong love and ability for architecture. Aurangabad was Ambar's architectural achievement and creation. Malik Ambar died in 1626.[3] He was succeeded by his son Fateh Khan, who changed the name of Khadki to Fatehnagar. With the capture of Daulatabad previously known as Devagiri by the imperial troops in 1633, the Nizam Shahi dominions, including Fatehnagar, came under the possession of the Moghals.
In 1653 when Prince Aurangzeb was appointed the viceroy of the Deccan for the second time, he made Fatehnagar his capital and renamed it Aurangabad. Aurangabad is sometimes referred to as Khujista Bunyad by the Chroniclers of Aurangzeb's reign.
Bibi Ka Maqbara was built in 1660 by Aurangzeb's son, Azam Shah, as a loving tribute to his mother, Dilras Bano Begam. In 1720, Nizam-ul-Mulk Asif Jah, a distinguished General of Aurangzeb with the intention of founding his own dynasty in the Deccan, arrived at Aurangabad and made it his capital. He paid a visit to Delhi in 1723, but returned in 1724, Nizam Ali Khan Asaf Jah II transferred his capital from Aurangabad to Hyderabad in 1763.[4]
Aurangabad was a part of Nizam's princely Hyderabad State until its annexation into Indian Union and thereafter a part of Hyderabad state of India until 1956 except Maratha rule between 1795 and 1803. In 1956 it became a part of newly formed bilingual Bombay state and in 1960 it became a part of Maharashtra state.
The year 1857 was eventful in the history of Aurangabad with the rest of the country. The British moved the first cavalry from Mominabad (Ambejogai) to Aurangabad to relieve 3rd cavalry which had marched to Malegaon, and was the first regiment to show signs of disaffection. The 2nd Infantry also came under suspicion. The authorities at Hyderabad were kept informed of the course of events by express. Upon this, a column of troops was ordered to march from Pune to Aurangabad. In the meanwhile, the artillery was also showing signs of rebellion, but the rumour of Bombay troops marching towards Aurangabad had a quieting effect. The men of the cavalry also returned to their posts.
A dafadar named Mir Fida Ali, fired a shot at his commanding officer, Captain Abbott. For this act of his, he was tried by a drum-head, court-martialed and hanged.[4]
Photographs taken by Lala Deen Dayal & others in the 19th century, sourced from the British Library, Views of HH the Nizam's Dominions, Hyderabad, Deccan.
| Aurangabad | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The co-ordinates for Aurangabad are N 19° 53' 47" - E 75° 23' 54". The city is surrounded by hills on all directions.
Climate Classification: Aurangabad features a semiarid climate under the Koppen climate classification.
Temperature: Annual temperatures in Aurangabad range from 9 to 40 °C, with the most comfortable time to visit in the winter - October to February. The highest maximum temperature ever recorded was 46 °C (114 °F) on 25 May 1905. The lowest recorded temperature was 2 °C (36 °F) on 2 February 1911. In the cold season, the district is sometimes affected by cold waves in association with the eastward passage of western disturbances across north India, when the minimum temperature may drop down to about 2 °C to 4 °C (35.6 °F to 39.2 °F).[5]
Rainfall: Most of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season from June to September. Average annual rainfall is 725 mm.
| Climate data for Aurangabad | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 29.7 (85.5) |
32.5 (90.5) |
36.1 (97.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.9 (103.8) |
34.9 (94.8) |
30.3 (86.5) |
29.1 (84.4) |
30.4 (86.7) |
32.6 (90.7) |
30.9 (87.6) |
29.3 (84.7) |
32.89 (91.21) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 14.2 (57.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
14.0 (57.2) |
19.66 (67.38) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 2.2 (0.087) |
2.9 (0.114) |
5.1 (0.201) |
6.3 (0.248) |
25.5 (1.004) |
131.4 (5.173) |
167.0 (6.575) |
165.0 (6.496) |
135.3 (5.327) |
52.6 (2.071) |
29.3 (1.154) |
8.4 (0.331) |
731 (28.78) |
| Source: IMD | |||||||||||||
The entire area is covered by the Deccan Trap lava flows of Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene age. The traps are overlain by thin alluvial deposits along the Sukhana river. The basaltic lava flows belonging to the Deccan Trap is the only major geological formation occurring in the Chikalthana area of Aurangabad. The lava flows are horizontal and each flow has distinct two units. The upper layers consist of vesicular and amygdaloidal zeolitic basalt whiles the bottom layer consists of massive basalt.
| Population growth | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1901 | 36,837 |
|
|
| 1911 | 34,902 | -5.3% | |
| 1921 | 36,876 | 5.7% | |
| 1931 | 36,870 | -0.0% | |
| 1941 | 50,924 | 38.1% | |
| 1951 | 66,636 | 30.9% | |
| 1961 | 97,701 | 46.6% | |
| 1971 | 165,253 | 69.1% | |
| 1981 | 301,000 | 82.1% | |
| 1991 | 592,000 | 96.7% | |
| 2001 | 902,179 | 52.4% | |
| 2011 | 1,189,376 | 31.8% | |
| Source:Census of India[6][7] [8] | |||
Aurangabad is now a million plus city with a population of 11,89,376 according to the latest 2011 census.[8]
The city with cantonment had a population of 30209 in 1880s of whom Hindus were 59.1 per cent, Muslims were 39.2 percent, Christians were 1.1 percent, Parsis were 0.1 percent, and others were 0.5 percent. In the city proper Brahmins were 7.1 percent and Muslims were 38.5 percent. The city area then was roughly two and half to three and half square miles. In 1971 the city had a population of 1,50,514, (excluding cantonment) the growth during the decade from 1961 to 1971 was 71.86 percent. The growth was highest in the state even higher than Greater Bombay which grew by 43.75 percent.[9]
Marathi and Urdu are the principal languages of the city. According to 1961 census the percentage of residents speaking Marathi were 43.60 percent and residents speaking Urdu were 36.69 percent. Hindi speakers were third with 11.99 percent.[7]
There is evidence to believe that Aurangabad was developed as a trading hub four centuries ago. Aurangabad is the one the fastest developing cities in Asia. It tops the chart among the developing cities. It lies on a major trade route that used to connect north-west India's sea and land ports to the Deccan region. Recently Aurangabad was in news for placing single largest order for Mercedes Benz cars in a single transaction in India — 150 Mercedes Benz cars worth Rs 65 crore.[10][11] Without a local Mercedes-Benz showroom and encountering an indifferent Mercedes-Benz dealer in the nearest city, a group of successful citizens pooled their orders and negotiated a record agreement with the firm.[12]
The city was a major silk and cotton textile production centre. A fine blend of silk with locally grown cotton was developed as Himroo textile. Paithani silk saris are also made in Aurangabad. With the opening of the Hyderabad-Godavari Valley Railways in the year 1900 several ginning factories were started.[13] After 1960, Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) began acquiring land and setting up industrial estates. Aurangabad is now classic example of efforts of state government towards balanced industrialisation of state.[14]
Major Industrial areas of Aurangabad are Chikhalthana MIDC, Shendra MIDC and Waluj MIDC. A new industrial belt namely Shendra - Bidkin Industrial Park is being developed under DMIC.[15] The Maharashtra Centre For Entrepreneurship Development's main office is in Aurangabad. Many renowned Indian and MNCs have established themselves in the Industrial Estates of Aurangabad:
|
Aurangabad also has 5 star hotels like ITC Welcomgroup's The Rama International, The Ajanta Ambassador, The Taj Residency, The Lemontree (formerly The President Park), Vits (formerly Hotel Vedant), The Aures(Pride Biznotel)and the Aurangabad Gymkhana
Recently Aurangabad became the third city in Maharashtra (after Pune & Nashik ) to host an auto cluster namely Marathwada Auto Cluster(MAC).[16] Electrical goods major Siemens has set up a plant for manufacturing of superior quality bogies for locomotives, electric multiple units and metro coaches at Shendra MIDC Aurangabad.[17]
Modern Retail Industry has made its presence felt in the forms of Malls. Prozone Mall spread over 1 million square feet is the biggest in the region. The industry is a big employment generator. Prozone alone created direct employment opportunities for 4000 people.[18]
Modern banking in the district may be said to have begun when the Central Bank of India was established in Hyderabad State on 19 February 1932, at Jalna, and in next year i.e., on 20 December 1933, at Aurangabad. Later on in 1945 the Bank of Hyderabad was established under the Hyderabad State Bank Act of 1350 Fasli.[19]
In the first decade of the twenty-first century, Aurangabad has seen a spurt in financial activities, with almost all public sector and private banks have opened up branches including the State Bank of India, State Bank of Hyderabad, Bank of Maharashtra, Citibank India, Deutsche Bank, ICICI Bank, Bank of India, HDFC Bank, etc. Also Regional Rural Bank viz. Maharashtra Godavari Gramin Bank has its head office in Aurangabad city.
Aurangabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) is the local civil body. It is divided into six zones. The Municipal Council was established in 1936, the Municipal Council area was about 54.5 km2. It was elevated to the status of Municipal Corporation from 8 December 1982, and simultaneously including eighteen peripheral villages, making total area under its jurisdiction to 138.5 km2 extended its limits.
The city is divided in 99 electoral wards called as Prabhag, and each ward is represented by a Corporator elected by the people from each ward. There are two Committees, General Body and Standing Committee headed by the Mayor and the Chairman respectively. AMC is responsible for providing basic amenities like drinking water, drainage facility, road, street lights, healthcare facilities, primary schools, etc. AMC collects its revenue from the urban taxes which are imposed on citizens. The administration is headed by the Municipal Commissioner; an I.A.S. Officer, assisted by the other officers of different departments.
Aurangabad division is one of the six administrative divisions of Maharashtra state in India. Aurangabad divisions almost completely coincides with the Marathwada region of Maharashtra.
Aurangabad contributes one seat to the Lok Sabha - Aurangabad (Lok Sabha constituency). The seat is currently held by Mr. Chandrakant Khaire, MP of the Shiv Sena party. It also holds the seat for the Assembly - Aurangabad West. Mr Rajendra Darda of (Indian National Congress) is the MLA from Aurangabad East constituency and holds the portfolio of Cabinet Minister for Education, Government of Maharashtra.[20] In latest constituency arrangements made by,[21] Aurangabad will conrtibute one Loksabha seat, and three state assembly seats namely Aurangabad East, Aurangabad West and Aurangabad Central. The latest MLAs being - Aurangabad (East) - Rajendra Darda of Congress(I), Aurangabad (Central) - Pradeep Jaiswal (Independent) and Aurangabad (West) Sanjay Shirsat of Shiv-Sena.[22]
Bombay High Court Aurangabad Bench : The Aurangabad bench of The Bombay High Court was established in 1982. Initially only a few districts of Maharashtra were under the Aurangabad bench. Subsequently in 1988, Ahmednagar and others districts were attached to the bench. The jurisdiction of the Aurangabad Bench is over Aurangabad, Ahmednagar, Dhule, Jalna, Jalgaon, Beed, Parbhani, Latur and Osmanabad. The Aurangabad bench has a strong Bar of more than 700 advocates. The Aurangabad bench has now 15 judges. The present building of bench is situated in a very huge premises. The first phase of centrally located magnificent High Court edifice, having 6,202.18 square metres built up area was opened in the month of June 1995.
Aurangabad Airport is a domestic airport serving the city and has connecting flights to Hyderabad, Delhi, Udaipur, Mumbai, Jaipur, Pune, Nagpur. Recently flights were made available to the people traveling to the Hajj pilgrimage.[23]
Aurangabad (station code:AWB) is a station located on the Secunderabad-Manmad section of the Nanded Division of South Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Aurangabad has rail connectivity with Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad. It is also connected to Nanded, Parli, Nagpur, Nizamabad, Nasik, Pune, Kurnool, Renigunta, Erode, Madurai, Bhopal, Gwalior. But there is still a demand for direct rail connectivity to other major cities of India. The Aurangabad Jan Shatabdi Express is the fastest train connecting it with Mumbai.
Aurangabad is well connected by roads with various major cities of Maharashtra and other states. National Highway 211 from Dhule to Solapur passes through the city. Aurangabad has road connectivity to Jalna, Pune, Ahmednagar, Nagpur, Beed, Mumbai and the route is currently being upgraded into four lane road of National Highway standard. A new Nagpur–Aurangabad–Mumbai express highway is also being developed.
The Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) and numerous other private bus operators provide bus service connecting the city to all parts of the state. (MSRTC) also operates an intra-city bus service called 'Aurangabad City Bus' which connects different parts of the city together along with connecting the city to its nearby suburbs.
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (BAMU) is located in Aurangabad city. Most of the colleges of the region are affiliated to it.The University has 101 Colleges affiliated in Aurangabad and similarly 99 Colleges in Beed, 53 & 55 Colleges affiliated in Jalna & Osmanabad[24]. Aurangabad has transformed into a major education center in the Deccan due to its rapid industrial growth and proximity to Mumbai and Pune. It has schools run by the Aurangabad Municipal Corporation and private schools owned and run by trusts and individuals. Aurangabad has many schools and colleges for higher studies.
Aurangabad Cantonment is the greenest area of the Aurangabad city. It also has a nine hole golf course, the only such course in Marathwada region. Aurangabad Cantonment was formed in the year 1819 with European Officers to train the Nizam Army. In 1903, a treaty was signed between British and the Nizam, and it was decided to establish a proper Cantonment. Today the Cantonment is spread across 2,584 acres (10.46 km2) with civil population of 19274 as per 2001 census.[25]
Aurangabad has many multiplexes and single screen theaters for entertainment.
|
List of Multiplexes
|
List of Single Screen Theaters
|
Prozone Mall is one of the largest and the first horizontally designed shopping mall in India.[26] It has over 1 million sq feet of retail space and ushers the concept of modern retailing in Aurangabad. It has many well known restaurants and eateries such as KFC, Subway, Domino's Pizza, Mainland China, Kareem's etc.[27][28]
Brands present in Prozone include Star Bazaar, Shoppers Stop, Westside, Pantaloons, Globus, Reliance Trends, Aisha and Croma. Provogue, Nike, Reebok, United Colors of Benetton, Wills Lifestyle, Allen Solly, Puma, Metro, Inc 5, Regal, Walkways and Catwalk.[29]
Nirala Bazar is situated in the western of the city; many branded show rooms are located here. Connaught Place is located in eastern part in Aurangabad CIDCO and together with Nirala Bazar forms the new and upcoming shopping districts of the city. They also boasts of many restaurants and eateries.
Aurangpura situated in the old city and together with Gulmandi & City Chowk forms the old shopping districts of the city. These places are good for shopping of readymade cloths and shoes and have few branded showrooms.
City Chowk as its name suggest, is the chowk (center) of the city, and near the chowk is Buddi Lane known for spicy and delicious foods. Shah Gunj has a big fruit and vegetables market in the city. It also has a large market for agricultural equipments. [30]
The culture of Aurangabad city is heavily influenced by Hyderabad. The old city still retains the cultural flavour and charms of Muslim culture of Hyderabad. Its influence is reflected in the language and cuisine of the locals. Although Marathi and Urdu are the principal languages of the city, they are spoken in Dakhni – Hyderabadi Urdu dialect.[31]
Aurangabadi food is much like Mughlai or Hyderabadi cuisine with its fragrant pulao and Biryani. Meat cooked in fresh spices and herbs is a speciality, as are the delectable sweets. The local cuisine is a blend of Mughlai and Hyderabadi cuisine, with an influence of the spices and herbs of the Marathwada region.[36]
Naan Qalia is a dish that is associated with Aurangabad in India. It is a concoction of mutton and a variety of spices. Naan is the bread made in tandoor (Hot furnace) while Qalia is a mixture of mutton and various spices.
The dish originated in the army camp of Muhammad bin Tughlaq when he shifted his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in the year 1327. Later the dish was used in the army camps of the Mughals who had their base in and around Daulatabad and Aurangabad in the deccan. Soldiers and camp followers settled in Aurangabad patronised the dish and the tradition continues to this day.
Tahri or Tahari is similar to pulao–Biryani and is very popular in Aurangabad and Marathwada. Tahri is prepared by adding the meat to the rice, as opposed to traditional Biryani where the rice is added to the meat.[37]
Aurangabad / Marathwada / Dakhni cuisine is a blend of the Puneri and the Hyderabadi cuisine (which beautifully blends the use of typical South Indian ingredients such as curry leaves, tamarind and coconut into their celebrated culinary practices).[38] Distinctively different from the Hyderabadi cuisine, the Deccani cuisine (Marathwada, North Karnataka and Telangana) is a simple yet sumptuously wholesome affair. The stress is on the powdered masalas and their right proportions while cooking, unlike the Mughlai items where emphasis is on opulent garnishing and seasoning. While Mughlai is mostly prepared by low-simmer in dum-style, Deccani food is not as time consuming and spicy as its royal counterpart.[39]
The availability of staple, easily used ingredients and some derivatives such as the Vadis (dried rice/lentil nuggets), vegetables of the season – Vangi (brinjals) appear on most menus while the other lentils from the region make their presence felt in the Jhunkas and Pitlas (raw tomato curry made thick with besan). The use of groundnut with garlic, chillies and kopra are seen in the creation of the Chutney, 'thecha' and pastes/gravy (with the onion as the main ingredient). The mutton and fowl are celebrated for their tenderness and taste (locally, the Gavran Chicken though fibrous as compared to the broiler is a hot favourite for its robust taste). The accompanying bread is of Jwarichi bhaakri, or Bajrichi Bhakari, Poli and variations such as 'Dhapate' are well known, the Thalipeeth, which is made from a combination of various grains and partaken with butter.[38]
Aurangabad is famous for Mashru and Himroo fabrics made of cotton and silk with the luster of satin. Himru is an age-old weaving craft, and was originally known as kum khuab.
| Jalgaon | ||||
| Nashik | Jalna | |||
| Aurangabad, Maharashtra | ||||
| Ahmednagar Beed |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||