Audio frequency

Sound measurements
Sound pressure p, SPL
Particle velocity v, SVL
Particle displacement ξ
Sound intensity I, SIL
Sound power Pac
Sound power level SWL
Sound energy
Sound energy density E
Sound energy flux q
Acoustic impedance Z
Speed of sound c
Audio frequency AF

An audio frequency (abbreviation: AF) or audible frequency is characterized as a periodic vibration whose frequency is audible to the average human. It is the property of sound that most determines pitch and is measured in hertz (Hz).[1]

The generally accepted standard range of audible frequencies is 20 to 20,000 Hz, although the range of frequencies individuals hear is greatly influenced by environmental factors. Frequencies below 20 Hz are generally felt rather than heard, assuming the amplitude of the vibration is great enough. Frequencies above 20,000 Hz can sometimes be sensed by young people. High frequencies are the first to be affected by hearing loss due to age and/or prolonged exposure to very loud noises.

Frequencies and descriptions

Frequency (Hz) Octave Description
16 to 32 1st The human threshold of feeling, and the lowest pedal notes of a pipe organ.
32 to 512 2nd to 5th Rhythm frequencies, where the lower and upper bass notes lie.
1024 to 2048 6th to 7th Defines human speech intelligibility, gives a horn-like or tinny quality to sound.
4096 to 8192 8th to 9th Gives presence to speech, where labial and fricative sounds lie.
16384 to 32768 10th Brilliance, the sounds of bells and the ringing of cymbals. In speech, the sound of the letter "S" (8000-11000 Hz)
MIDI Note Frequency (Hz) Description Sound File
C-2 4.09 Lowest note for Gregg Bailey's 128' PVC Subcontrabass clarinet N/A (inaudible)
C-1 8.18 Lowest organ note N/A (inaudible)
C0 16.35 Lowest note for tuba, large pipe organs, Bösendorfer Imperial Grand Piano
C1 32.70 Lowest C on a standard 88-key piano.
C2 65.41 Lowest note for cello
C3 130.81 Lowest note for viola, mandola
C4 261.63 Middle C
C5 523.25 Lowest note for a piccolo.
C6 1046.50 Approximately the highest note reproducible by the average female human voice.
C7 2093 Highest note for a flute.
C8 4186 Highest note on a standard 88-key piano.
C9 8372
C10 16744 Approximately the tone that a typical CRT television emits while running.

See also

References

  1. ^ Pilhofer, Michael (2007). Music Theory for Dummies. For Dummies. p. 97. http://books.google.com/books?id=CxcviUw4KX8C.