An atomizer nozzle is an aspirator nozzle for producing a fine spray of a liquid based on the Venturi effect.
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When a gas is injected under pressure through a tube with a decreasing section, it speeds up, generating a pressure drop at the narrowest point (due to Bernoulli's principle).
The reduced pressure, due to the pressure difference between the two points, sucks up a liquid from a reservoir through a narrow tube into the moving gas flow, and projects it forward as a fine spray of droplets (although not atoms as the name suggests).
They may be automated or manually operated, the latter being typically by means of a manual pump (rubber ball or piston), this being a traditional type of atomizer used for perfume.
Atomizer nozzles are used for spraying perfumes, for applying paint, in fuel injection systems, and in spray drying installations.