Ashur-nadin-apli was king of Assyria (1207 BC – 1204 BC or 1196 BC – 1194 BC short chronology). The alternate dating is due to uncertainty over the length of reign of a later monarch, Ninurta-apal-Ekur, where conflicting king lists differ by ten years. His name meant “Ashur has given an heir”[1] in the Akkadian language. He was a son of Tukulti-Ninurta I.[2]
The events surrounding the overthrow of Tukulti-Ninurta remain somewhat shrouded in mystery. His military conquests seem to have taken place during the first half of his reign with modern scholarship suggesting that his climactic victory against Kaštiliašu IV and the city of Babylon occurred during two campaigns during his thirteenth and fifteenth years,[3] if the placing of the eponyms, the Assyrian dating system, of Etel-pi-Aššur and Aššur-bel-ilani are correct.[4] The latter part of his reign was characterized by reversal as the over-extended Assyrian military struggled to hold on to the earlier prizes and this may well have been the reason for his toppling.
Copies of the Assyrian King List record that “Ashur-nadin or nasir-apli,[5] his son, seized the throne (for himself and) ruled for three or four[6] years.” Brinkman relates that “it is uncertain whether one or two princes lie behind the conflicting scribal traditions,”[7] but Grayson is more emphatic, “there seem to have been at least two sons.”[8] The names differ by just one cuneiform character. The Babylonian Chronicle P recalls “Aššur-nasir-apli, his son (mar-šu) and the officers of Assyria rebelled, removed him from his throne, shut him up in a room and killed him.”[9]
It was Ashur-nadin-apli who succeeded to the throne, as testified by the scanty inscriptions left behind, which include bricks from Assur, “(Property of) the palace of Ashur-nadin-apli…” and a lengthy text on a stone tablet commemorating rerouting the Tigris to the north of the city by “divine means” to recover agricultural fields and the erection of a shrine,[8] This breaks with Assyrian tradition, extending the list of royal epithets to include “faithful shepherd, to whom by the command of the gods Ashur, Enlil and Shamash the just sceptre was given and whose important name was called for the return (or care) of the land, the king under the protective hand of the god An and select of the god Enlil…”[8] by which we may infer he was seeking divine support for his tenuous throne.
Just one eponym has been positively identified for his rule, that of Erīb-Sîn, which dates the stone tablet. A tablet also dated to this year was found at Tell Taban, site of the vassal state of Tâbatu near modern Al-Hasakah during salvage excavation under the direction of Hirotoshi Numoto in advance of the building of a dam in northeastern Syria. The king of Tâbatu was an Assyrian official named Adad-bēl-gabbe whose rule spanned that of four Assyrian monarchs seemingly unaffected by the turmoil at the heart of the empire.[10] His own eponym year may be attested in a letter from Tell ‘Amuda, possibly ancient Kulišinaš, but this may be Aššur-nadin-apli mar šarre, an earlier eponym year during Tukulti-Ninurta’s reign.[11]
He was succeeded by Ashur-nirari III, who was either his son or his nephew, again depending on the existence of Ashur-nasir-apli.
| Preceded by Tukulti-Ninurta I |
King of Assyria 1196–1193 BCE |
Succeeded by Ashur-nirari III |