Arsabenzene

Arsabenzene
Preferred IUPAC name

Arsinine
Systematic name

Arsinine
Other names

Arsabenzene
Identifiers
CAS number 289-31-6 Y
PubChem 136132
ChemSpider 119909 Y
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Image 2
Properties
Molecular formula C5H5As
Molar mass 140.01 g mol−1
Exact mass 139.960721577 g mol-1
Appearance Colourless gas
Odor Onion like
Melting point

-54 °C, 219 K, -65 °F
Boiling point

-54-25 °C, 219-298 K, -65-77 °F
Structure
Molecular shape planar
 Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Arsabenzene (IUPAC name: arsinine) is an organoarsenic heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C5H5As. It belongs to a group of compounds called heteroarenes that have the general formula C5H5E (E= N, P, As, Sb, Bi).[1]

This air sensitive liquid has an onion odor,[2] and it decomposes on heating.[1] Arsabenzene is also an ambidentate ligand, and it prefers to coordinate using η1(As)- or η6(π)-routes.[3]

The study of arsabenzene and related compounds was an important step in the understanding of compounds that contain multiple bonds between carbon and heavier elements.[4]

The study of heteroarenes was begun by Märkl, with the synthesis of 2,4,6-triphenylphosphabenzene. This is achieved by treating 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrylium salt with phosphanes.[4] The first derivative of arsabenzene was 9-arsaanthracene prepared by Jutzi and Bickelhaupt.[5]

Contents

Structure

Arsabenzene is planar. The C—C bond distances of 1.39 Å, the As—C bond has a length of 1.85 Å, this is 6.6% shorter than the normal As—C single bond.[1]

NMR spectroscopy carried out on arsabenzene indicates that it has a diamagnetic ring current.[6]

Synthesis

Arsabenzene is synthesized in a two step process from 1,4-pentadiyne. The diyne reacts with dibutylstannane to give 1,1-dibutylstannacyclohexa-2,5-diene.[1] The organotin compound undergoes As/Sn exchange with arsenic trichloride to give 1-chloroacyclohexadiene, which loses a HCl upon heating, forming the arsabenzene.[1]

CH2(CHCH)2SnBu2 + AsCl3 → CH2(CHCH)2AsCl + Bu2SnCl2
CH2(CHCH)2AsCl → C5H5As + HCl

Reactions

Arsabenzene undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution at its ortho and para positions. It also undergoes Friedel-Crafts acylation.[2]

Whereas pyridine does not normally undergo a Diels-Alder reaction, arsabenzene behaves as a diene with hexafluoro-2-butyne. The corresponding phosphabenzene and benzene undergo the analogous reaction at 100 °C and 200 °C, respectively. Thus the ability of these heterobenzenes to undergo the Diels Alder reaction with this electrophile increases down the periodic table. Bismabenzene is so reactive that it exists in equilibrium with its dimer.[5]

Arsabenzene is far less basic than pyridine, being unreactive with Lewis acids. Trifluoroacetic acid does not protonate the molecule.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Elschenbroich, C. (2006) (in German). Organometallics. Wiley-VCH Weinheim. pp. 229–230. ISBN 3527293906. 
  2. ^ a b Cadogan, J. I. G.; Buckingham, J.; Macdonald, F. (1997). Dictionary of Organic Compounds 10 (6). CRC Press. pp. 491. ISBN 0412541106. 
  3. ^ Sadimenko, A. P. (2005). "Organometallic Complexes of B-, Si- (Ge-), and P- (As-, Sb-) Analogues of Pyridine.". Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry 89: 125–157. doi:10.1016/S0065-2725(05)89003-8. 
  4. ^ a b Eicher,, T.; Hauptmann, S.; Suschitzky, H.; Suschitzky, J. (in German). The chemistry of heterocycles: structure, reactions, syntheses, and applications ((2) ed.). Wiley-VCH Weinheim. pp. 368. ISBN 3527307206. 
  5. ^ a b c Ashe, A. J. (1978). "The Group 5 heterobenzenes". Accounts of Chemical Research 11 (4): 153–157. doi:10.1021/ar50124a005. 
  6. ^ Ashe, A. J.; Chan, W.; Smith, T. W.; Taba, K. M. (1981). "Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of arsabenzene". Journal of Organic Chemistry 46 (5): 881–885. doi:10.1021/jo00318a012.