Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary
Joseph Anton Johann, archduke of Austria (German: Erzherzog Joseph Anton Johann Baptist von Österreich-Toscana, aka Joseph Anton Johann von Österreich, Hungarian: Habsburg-Toscanai József Antal János főherceg, aka József nádor, Czech: Josef Habsbursko-Lotrinský, 9 March 1776, Florence – 13 January 1847, Buda), was the palatine of Hungary from 1796 to 1847. He was the seventh son of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Louisa of Spain.
Family
Joseph was one of fifteen children born to Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Louisa of Spain. He was born in Florence, where his father was ruling as Grand Duke of Tuscany.
His father was a son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa of Austria. Joseph was a brother of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria.
His mother was a daughter of Charles III of Spain. Through his mother, Joseph was a nephew among others of Charles IV of Spain, Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, and Infante Gabriel of Spain. He was also a cousin of Ferdinand VII of Spain, Queen Charlotte of Portugal, and Queen Maria Isabella of the Two Sicilies.
In 1796, he was made Palatine of Hungary (nádor in Hungarian). This old dignity was in effect a deputy of the king when he could not attend to the country. Rather characteristic of a Habsburg, he showed genuine care for the country and throughout his years in office supported and promoted economic reforms, public works and constructions that aimed to bring Hungary closer to Europe. He was, just like a true Habsburg, wary of corrupt politicians seeking reforms, although he did not govern with a heavy hand; harsh measures were usually imposed from Vienna. His years saw the first steamboat and railroad in Hungary, the regulation of the Danube and the founding of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
He was very popular among the Magyars and became the founder of the Hungarian branch of the Habsburg family. His statue now stands in a place of honour at the very heart of Budapest in a square named for him, in front of the Ministry of Finance, facing the part of the city that grew up and burgeoned during his tenure.
First marriage
Joseph married Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia (1783–1801), on 30 October 1799 at Saint Petersburg. He was 23 years old; she was 16. She died giving birth to a stillborn daughter.
- Archduchess Alexandrine of Austria (stillborn 8 March 1801, Buda).
Second marriage
Joseph married secondly Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (1797–1817), on 30 August 1815 at Schaumburg. He was 39 years old; she was 17. She died in childbirth two years later. Both of Joseph's children with Hermine died unmarried and without issue.
Third marriage
Joseph married thirdly Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg on 24 August 1819 at Kirchheim unter Teck. He was 43 years old; she was 21. They were the parents of five children:
- Archduchess Franziska Marie Elisabeth of Austria (31 July 1820, Buda - 23 August 1820 Buda).
- Archduke Alexander of Austria (6 June 1825, Buda - 12 November 1837, Buda)
- Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria, (17 January 1831, Ofen Hungary - 14 February 1903), Vienna Austria ; married 1) Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este (1821–1849), and 2) Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria (1818–1874).
- Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria (2 March 1833, Preßburg, now Bratislava in Slovakia - 13 June 1905, Fiume, now Rijeka in Croatia).
- Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria (August 23, 1836 - September 20, 1902), married King Leopold II of Belgium, had issue.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary |
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16. Charles V, Duke of Lorraine |
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8. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine |
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17. Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria
Queen Dowager of Poland-Lithuania |
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4. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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18. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans |
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9. Princess Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans |
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19. Countess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte of Simmern |
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2. Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor |
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20. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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10. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor |
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21. Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg |
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5. Maria Theresa of Austria
Queen of Hungary & Bohemia |
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22. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
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11. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
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23. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen |
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1. Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary |
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24. Louis, Dauphin of France |
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12. Philip V of Spain |
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25. Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria |
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6. Charles III of Spain |
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26. Edward II Farnese, Duke of Parma |
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13. Elisabeth of Parma |
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27. Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg |
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3. Maria Louisa of Spain |
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28. Augustus II of Poland
Elector of Saxony |
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14. Augustus III of Poland
Elector of Saxony |
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29. Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth |
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7. Maria Amalia of Saxony |
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30. Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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15. Maria Josepha of Austria |
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31. Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Calenberg |
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1st generation |
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2nd generation |
Archduke Cristopher · Maximilian I · Archduke John · Archduke Wolfgang
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3rd generation |
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4th generation |
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5th generation |
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6th generation |
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7th generation |
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8th generation |
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9th generation |
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10th generation |
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11th generation |
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12th generation |
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13th generation |
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14th generation |
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15th generation |
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16th generation |
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17th generation |
Crown Prince Otto · Archduke Robert*** · Archduke Felix · Archduke Carl Ludwig · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Heinrich Maria · Archduke Leopold Franz** · Archduke Guntram** · Archduke Radbot** · Archduke Johann** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Stephan** · Archduke Dominic** · Archduke Friederich Salvator** · Archduke Andreas Salvator** · Archduke Markus** · Archduke Johann** · Archduke Michael** · Archduke Franz Salvator** · Archduke Karl Salvator** · Archduke Joseph Karl · Archduke Andreas Agustinus · Archduke Nicholas Franz · Archduke Johann Jacob · Archduke Edward Karl · Archduke Paul Rudolf
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18th generation |
Archduke Karl · Archduke Georg · Archduke Lorenz*** · Archduke Gerhard*** · Archduke Martin*** · Archduke Karl Philipp · Archduke Raimund Joseph · Archduke Itsván · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Carl Christian · Archduke Karl Peter · Archduke Simeon · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Maximilian Heinrich · Archduke Philipp Joachim · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Konrad · Archduke Sigismund** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Guntram** · Archduke Leopold** · Archduke Alexander Salvator** · Archduke Thaddäus Salvator** · Archduke Casimir Salvator** · Archduke Matthias** · Archduke Johannes** · Archduke Bernhard** · Archduke Benedikt · Archduke Joseph Albrecht · Archduke Paul Leo · Archduke Friedrich Cyprian · Archduke Benedikt Alexander · Archduke Nicolás · Archduke Santiago · Archduke Paul Benedikt
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19th generation |
Archduke Ferdinand Zvonimir · Archduke Karl Konstantin · Archduke Amedeo*** · Archduke Joachim*** · Archduke Bartholomaeus*** · Archduke Emmanuel*** · Archduke Luigi*** · Archduke Felix Carl · Archduke Andreas Franz · Archduke Paul Johannes · Archduke Carl Christian · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Thomas · Archduke Franz Ludwig · Archduke Michael · Archduke Joseph · Archduke Imre · Archduke Imre · Archduke Christoph · Archduke Alexander · Archduke Lorenz Carl · Archduke Wilhelm · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Ludwig · Archduke Philipp · Archduke Nicholas · Archduke Constantin · Archduke Jacob Maximilian · Archduke Leopold Amedeo** · Archduke Maximilian** · Archduke Leopold** · Archduke Constantin Salvator** · Archduke Paul Salvator**
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*also an infante of Spain
**also a prince of Tuscany
***also a prince of Modena
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Tuscan princes
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1st Generation |
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2nd Generation |
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3rd Generation |
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4th Generation |
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5th Generation |
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6th Generation |
none
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7th Generation |
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8th Generation |
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9th Generation |
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10th Generation |
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11th Generation |
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12th Generation |
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13th Generation |
Prince Leopold Franz* · Prince Guntram* · Prince Radbot* · Prince Johann* · Prince Georg* · Prince Stephan* · Prince Dominic* · Prince Friederich Salvator* · Prince Andreas Salvator* · Prince Markus* · Prince Johann* · Prince Michael* · Prince Franz Salvator* · Prince Karl Salvator*
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14th Generation |
Prince Sigismund* · Prince Georg* · Prince Guntram* · Prince Leopold* · Prince Alexander Salvator* · Prince Thaddäus Salvator* · Prince Casimir Salvator* · Prince Matthias* · Prince Johannes* · Prince Bernhard* · Prince Benedikt*
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15th Generation |
Prince Leopold Amedeo* · Prince Maximilian* · Prince Leopold* · Prince Constantin Salvator* · Prince Paul Salvator*
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* also an archduke of Austria
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Persondata |
Name |
Joseph of Hungary, Palatine |
Alternative names |
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Short description |
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Date of birth |
9 March 1776 |
Place of birth |
Florence |
Date of death |
13 January 1847 |
Place of death |
Buda |