| Aguascalientes Estado Libre y Soberano de Aguascalientes |
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| — State — | |||
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| Motto: Bona Terra, Bona Gens, Aqua Clara, Clarum Coelum (Good Earth, Good People, Clear Water, Clear Sky) |
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| Anthem: Himno de Aguascalientes | |||
| State of Aguascalientes within Mexico | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Mexico | ||
| Capital | Aguascalientes | ||
| Largest City | Aguascalientes | ||
| Municipalities | 11 | ||
| Admission | February 5, 1857[1] | ||
| Order | 24th | ||
| Government | |||
| • Governor | Carlos Lozano | ||
| • Senators[2] | Felipe González Rubén Camarillo Norma Esparza Herrera |
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| • Deputies[3] | |||
| Area[4] | |||
| • Total | 5,618 km2 (2,169.1 sq mi) | ||
| Ranked 28th | |||
| Highest elevation[5] | 3,050 m (10,007 ft) | ||
| Population (2010)[6] | |||
| • Total | 1,184,996 | ||
| • Rank | 27th | ||
| • Density | 210.9/km2 (546.3/sq mi) | ||
| • Density rank | 4th | ||
| Demonym | Hidrocálido (a) | ||
| Time zone | CST (UTC−6) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC−5) | ||
| Postal code | 20 | ||
| Area code | |||
| ISO 3166 code | MX-AGU | ||
| HDI | 0.844 high Ranked 11th | ||
| GDP | US$ 7,435,493.3 mil[a] | ||
| Website | Official Web Site | ||
| ^ a. The state's GDP was 95,174,314 million of pesos in 2008,[7] amount corresponding to 7,435,493.3 millon of dollars, being a dollar worth 12.80 pesos (value of June 3, 2010).[8] | |||
Aguascalientes (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌaɣwaskaˈljentes] ( listen)) is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 11 municipalities and its capital city is Aguascalientes.
It is located in the Center-north Mexico. It is bordered by the states of Zacatecas to the north and Jalisco to the south. Its name means "hot waters" in Spanish and originated from the abundance of hot springs in the area, the corresponding demonym for the state and its inhabitants is hidrocálido.
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The state is located about 480 km (300 mi) from Mexico City.
It covers 5,471 square kilometers (2,112 sq mi) and has a little more than one million inhabitants. Most of its inhabitants live in the densely populated metropolitan area of its capital city.
The state as it is now was created on October 27, 1857 when it was separated from Zacatecas. It bears the name Aguascalientes taken from its largest city and capital also called Aguascalientes.
More than two thirds of the local population of Aguascalientes is 68% European descent (mostly Spanish, but also French, Italian, Russian, Polish, German, Swedish, Greek, and Romanian) 29% mestizo (mixed Amerindian-European) 2% Asian (mostly Japanese [because of the largest Nissan plant in Mexico].
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1895[9] | 104,693 | — |
| 1900 | 102,416 | −2.2% |
| 1910 | 120,511 | +17.7% |
| 1921 | 107,581 | −10.7% |
| 1930 | 132,900 | +23.5% |
| 1940 | 161,693 | +21.7% |
| 1950 | 226,965 | +40.4% |
| 1960 | 243,363 | +7.2% |
| 1970 | 338,142 | +38.9% |
| 1980 | 519,439 | +53.6% |
| 1990 | 719,659 | +38.5% |
| 1995 | 862,720 | +19.9% |
| 2000 | 944,285 | +9.5% |
| 2001 | 968,551 | +2.6% |
| 2002 | 992,751 | +2.5% |
| 2003 | 1,016,950 | +2.4% |
| 2004 | 1,041,150 | +2.4% |
| 2005 | 1,065,416 | +2.3% |
| 2006 | 1,089,319 | +2.2% |
| 2007 | 1,113,222 | +2.2% |
| 2008 | 1,137,125 | +2.1% |
| 2009 | 1,161,093 | +2.1% |
| 2010[10] | 1,184,996 | +2.1% |
| Age Groups | Total | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 years | 121,557 | 61,941 | 59,616 |
| 5–9 years | 128,874 | 65,572 | 63,302 |
| 10–14 years | 123,806 | 62,615 | 61,191 |
| 15–19 years | 121,428 | 60,636 | 60,792 |
| 20–24 years | 106,305 | 51,431 | 54,874 |
| 25–29 years | 93,604 | 44,568 | 49,036 |
| 30–34 years | 88,726 | 41,962 | 46,764 |
| 35–39 years | 86,254 | 40,569 | 45,685 |
| 40–44 years | 73,084 | 34,381 | 38,703 |
| 45–49 years | 60,198 | 28,420 | 31,778 |
| 50–54 years | 49,980 | 23,436 | 26,544 |
| 55–59 years | 37,543 | 17,960 | 19,583 |
| 60–64 years | 29,258 | 13,686 | 15,572 |
| 65–69 years | 21,004 | 9,895 | 11,109 |
| 70–74 years | 15,254 | 6,967 | 8,287 |
| 75–79 years | 10,673 | 4,862 | 5,811 |
| 80–84 years | 7,228 | 3,094 | 4,134 |
| 85–89 years | 4,061 | 1,780 | 2,281 |
| 90–94 years | 1,467 | 605 | 862 |
| 95–99 years | 551 | 229 | 322 |
| 100 years and over | 109 | 45 | 64 |
| Unspecified | 4,032 |
This state originated around the times of colonial Spanish influence. It is located in the middle of the country and is now beginning to make a name for itself as an industrial power within Mexico. The state was once a major silver miner and a major source of railroad transportation, the latter due to its strategic location, midway between the three most populous areas, namely Mexico City, Guadalajara, and Monterrey.
In the rural area, Aguascalientes was once the largest national producer of grapes and wines. This tradition ceased gradually due to the Spanish Royalty's wishes that grape and wine production be limited to the mother country. Thanks to the influx of immigrants into Mexico, the wineries and vineyards remain and flourish. Guavas are also produced in the state.
There are several projects for economic development such as : the Financial District Rio San Pedro, a monorail, a suburban train, the construction of the newest and most modern WTC in Mexico, over four shopping malls, two theme parks, two Executive Hotels and one whose qualification is five stars, eight bridges for the next five years, a Financial District around the Airport, A Texas Instruments Assembly-Test Plant, A Nissan Assembly plant, a Toyota assembly plant and several others projects place Aguascalientes as the third most competitive state in Mexico with more than US$12,000,000 in foreign direct investment per year (around 8 percent of Mexico's FDI) even though its population is just about 1.03 percent of the country.
However, recently it has also benefited from heavier tourism, since the capital city has gained prestige and status as a national destination for its colonial beauty and cleanliness. In addition, the haciendas and baths around the state have historic and recreational importance.
Although this state is not often billed as a tourist center, international visitors, as well as citizens from all over Mexico, are attracted to the San Marcos Fair, which is considered the national fair of Mexico[11] and contributes much to Mexico's economy.
Recently, its capital city has gained the reputation as a great destination for its superb colonial architecture visible in the colonial centre, as well as the modernity and dynamism in the outskirts.
The city is home to Lic. Jesús Terán Peredo International Airport, where 9 flights per day depart to Mexico City, Tijuana, Dallas/Fort Worth and Houston.[12]
The city also hosts many conventions every year. It benefits from its excellent central location. The city is also famed for its environment of relaxation, and for its safety and cleanliness, as it is often described by people when traveling to this part of the country for conventions or tourism.
Most tourists go to the capital. A few tourists explore the former mining towns in the north of the state (in the municipalities of Asientos and Tepezalá), which are now almost ghost cities. The haciendas, hot springs, and baths scattered around the state are also of historical and recreational relevance.
The municipality of Calvillo has a semi-tropical climate, The largest producer of guavas in Mexico,[13] it attracts some fans of watersports to its reservoirs.
The state has a Natural Protected Reserve in the higher mountains called Sierra Fría. Located at a height of 2,500 to 3,000 meters (8,202 to 9,843 ft) above sea level, it comprises oak and pine forests. Its attractions include observing exuberant landscape and wide ravines, in which, there are pumas, lynxes, boar, white-tailed deer, wild turkey, raccoons and many other animals. There are steep-sided cycle paths, camping and picnic areas as well as several hunting clubs. It is the mountain climate and fauna that attracts locals for camping activities. In winter, the temperature sometimes falls to −4.44 °C (24.01 °F) when the weather is poor. Usually, Sierra Fria is the only part of the state that gets snow during winter.
In the city of Aguascalientes one of the best sunsets in the world can be seen in the Cerro del Muerto; the hill resembles the shape of a man lying down. The city of Aguascalientes is called "el corazón" which means "the heart" of Mexico because it lies in the middle of the country. This city is often considered, by its locals, to be one of the safest and cleanest in Mexico. Also, the city of Aguascalientes is known as "the land of the good people".
At present, the state has one football team in the Mexican Premiere League, (Club Necaxa) and one professional basketball team (Las Panteras The Panthers).
Necaxa recently (December 2009) won the first half season of the Second-Division tournament, if they win the second half also they will be automatically promoted to the First-Division, if not, they will have a playoff (Home and Away) with the team who wins the second half to see who is promoted.
Aguascalientes is subdivided into 11 municipios ("municipalities").
| INEGI code | Municipality | Municipal Seat |
|---|---|---|
| 001 | Aguascalientes | Aguascalientes |
| 002 | Asientos | Asientos |
| 003 | Calvillo | Calvillo |
| 004 | Cosío | Cosío |
| 005 | Jesús María | Jesús María |
| 006 | Pabellón de Arteaga | Pabellón de Arteaga |
| 007 | Rincón de Romos | Rincón de Romos |
| 008 | San José de Gracia | San José de Gracia |
| 009 | Tepezalá | Tepezalá |
| 010 | El Llano | Palo Alto |
| 011 | San Francisco de los Romo | San Francisco de los Romo |
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