Appearance Event Ordination

Appearance Event Ordination or AEO is a scientific method for biochronology through the ordering of the appearance of fossil mammal genera by multivariate analysis, using conjunctional (overlapping) and disconjunctional (nonoverlapping) range distributions in large sets of data.[1]

Contents

Process

AEO is based on faunal overlap and stratigraphic superposition to derive a best-fit sequence of first and last appearance events.

Step 1

The first step is to translate patterns of overlap and superposition into pairwise first-before-last statements. The wolf species Canis edwardii and Canis armbrusteri are used as example taxa for the following patterns. Each statement means that Canis edwardii, for example, must have first appeared before Canis armbusteri last appeared. This is true whenever either (1) Canis edwardii and Canis armbrusteri have been found together in at least one non-time averaged fossil collection, or (2) Canis edwardii is found lower in at least one lithostratigraphic section than Canis armbrusteri.

Step 2

A multivariate ordination algorithm is applied to derive a first-pass hypothesized sequence of first and last appearances. The minimal constraint on this sequence is that if there is an observed, real-world Canis edwardii before Canis armbrusteri statement for any pair of taxa, the hypothesized event sequence must replicate it. Then the program shuffles the events using a maximum likelihood criterion. The criterion basically seeks to pull apart as many hypothesized age range overlaps as possible, especially if they involve common taxa. Taxa are defined as "common" if they are known to overlap with a large fraction of the taxa they are implied to overlap with.

Step 3

Once the relative event sequence has been established, it is converted into numerical time with a non-linear interpolation algorithm that compares event sequence positions and geochronological age estimates for collections that have them. The calibration only uses:

NALMA vs. AEO

North American Land Mammal Ages uses subjective opinions by published sources and/or authors citing authors such as Michael O. Woodburne,[2] Robert W. Wilson,[3] and J. David Archibald.[4]

Appearance Event Ordination uses objective, explicit recordable, repeatable, and quantitative analyses of faunal and biostratigraphic data to arrive at a conclusion, according to John Alroy.

References

  1. ^ J. Alroy. Appearance event ordination: a new biochronologic method. Paleobiology 20:191-207 (1994).
  2. ^ Woodburne, Michael O., Dispersal, vicariance, and the late Cretaceous to early Tertiary land mammals, Columbia University Press (June 15, 2004)
  3. ^ Wilson, Robert W., Evolution of the Early Tertiary Rodents
  4. ^ The Rise Of Placental Mammals: Origins And Relationships Of The Major Extant Clades, The Johns Hopkins University Press; illustrated edition edition (February 22, 2005)