Anacamptis
Anacamptis is a genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae); it is often abbreviated as Ant in horticulture. This genus was established by Louis Claude Richard in 1817; the type species is the Pyramidal Orchid (A. pyramidalis) and it nowadays contains about one-third of the species placed in the "wastebin genus" Orchis before this was split up at the end of the 20th century,[1] among them many that are of hybrid origin. The genus' scientific name is derived from the Greek word anakamptein, meaning "to bend backwards".
These terrestrial orchids occur on grasslands, limestone or chalk deposits, or on dunes in Eurasia, from the Mediterranean region to Central Asia.
Systematics
Except the Pyramidal Orchid (A. pyramidalis), all species of Anacamptis seem to form a clade around the Green-veined Orchid (A. morio). They have a diploid chromosome number of 32 or 36. A useful character for distinguishing Anacamptis from Orchis – where the Green-veined Orchid clade was formerly included – is the basal fusion of the three sepals in Anacamptis.[2]
The few bigeneric hybrids are typically between closely related genera, in particular Serapias. Hybrids between the Pyramidal Orchid and the Early Purple Orchid (Orchis mascula), found in Cumbria (UK) in 1997, proved short-lived because of the highly divergent genomic lineages of the parents.[2]
Selected species
- Anacamptis boryi (S Greece, Crete)
- Anacamptis caspia
- Anacamptis champagneuxii (W Mediterranean)
- Anacamptis collina (Mediterranean to S Turkmenistan)
- Anacamptis coriophora (Europe, Mediterranean to W Asia)
- Anacamptis coriophora ssp. coriophora (Europe to W Asia)
- Anacamptis coriophora ssp. fragrans (Mediterranean to Iran)
- Anacamptis fragrans (Pollini) R.M.Bateman
- Anacamptis israelitica (N Israel, Palestine)
- Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase – Loose-flowered Orchid, Lax-flowered Orchid, Jersey Orchid (WC Europe, Mediterranean to C Asia)
- Anacamptis longicornu (W & C Mediterranean)
- Anacamptis morio – Green-winged Orchid, Green-veined Orchid
- Anacamptis palustris (Europe, Mediterranean to C Asia)
- Anacamptis palustris ssp. elegans (Europe to C Asia)
- Anacamptis palustris ssp. palustris (WC Europe, Mediterranean to Iran)
- Anacamptis palustris ssp. robusta (W Morocco)
- Anacamptis papilionacea – "butterfly orchid" (Mediterranean to Iran)
- Anacamptis papilionacea var. cyrenaica (NE Libya)
- Anacamptis papilionacea var. papilionacea (Mediterranean to Iran)
- Anacamptis picta (Loiseleur) R.M.Bateman
- Anacamptis pyramidalis – Pyramidal Orchid
- Anacamptis pyramidalis ssp./var. sanguinea – Western Irish Pyramidal Orchid
- Anacamptis pyramidalis ssp./var. tanayensis – Tanay Pyramidal Orchid
- Anacamptis pyramidalis ssp./var. urvilleana – Maltese Pyramidal Orchid
- Anacamptis pyramidalis var. alba
- Anacamptis robusta (T.Stephenson) R.M.Bateman
- Anacamptis sancta (E Mediterranean to Caucasus)
- Anacamptis syriaca (Cyprus, S Turkey to Lebanon)
Selected nothospecies
- Anacamptis × albuferensis (Anacamptis fragrans × A. robusta) (Mallorca)
- Anacamptis × bornemanniae (Anacamptis longicornu × A. papilionacea) (N Africa, Sardinia)
- Anacamptis × duquesnei (Anacamptis palustris × A. pyramidalis) (France)
- Anacamptis × feinbruniae (Anacamptis caspia × A. israelitica)
- Anacamptis × gennarii (Anacamptis morio × A. papilinocea) (W Mediterranean)
- Anacamptis × klingei (Anacamptis laxiflora × A. pyramidalis) (France)
- Anacamptis × laniccae (Anacamptis morio × A. pyramidalis) (Switzerland, France, Italy)
- Anacamptis × lesbiensis (Anacamptis pyramidalis × A. sancta) (E Aegean Islands)
- Anacamptis × simarrensis (Anacamptis fragrans × A. pyramidalis) (France, Italy, Greece)
- Anacamptis × van-lookenii (Anacamptis papilionacea × A. pyramidalis) (France)
Intergeneric hybrids
- ×Anacamptiplatanthera (Anacamptis × Platanthera) – accepted name
- ×Anacamptorchis (Anacamptis × Orchis) – unplaced name
- ×Dactylocamptis (Anacamptis × Dactylorhiza) – accepted name
- ×Gymnanacamptis (Anacamptis × Gymnadenia) – accepted name
- ×Ophramptis (Anacamptis × Ophrys) – unplaced name
- ×Serapicamptis (Anacamptis × Serapias) – accepted name
- ^ Bateman & Hollingsworth (2004)
- ^ a b Bateman et al. (2003), Bateman & Hollingsworth (2004)
References
- Bateman, Richard M. & Hollingsworth, Peter M. (2004): Morphological and molecular investigation of the parentage and maternity of A. × albuferensis (A. robusta × A. fragrans), a new hybrid from Mallorca, Spain. Taxon 53(1): 43-54. HTML abstract
- Bateman, Richard M.; Hollingsworth, Peter M.; Preston, Jillian; Yi-bo, Luo; Prodgeon, Alec M. & Chase, Mark W. (2003): Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected Habenariinae (Orchidaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142(1): 1–40. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00157.x PDF fulltext
See also
External links