Angiopoietin

angiopoietin 1
Identifiers
Symbol ANGPT1
Entrez 284
HUGO 484
OMIM 601667
RefSeq NM_001146
UniProt Q15389
Other data
Locus Chr. 8 q22.3-8q23
angiopoietin 2
Crystal structure of the human angiopoietin-2 receptor binding domain.[1]
Identifiers
Symbol ANGPT2
Entrez 285
HUGO 485
OMIM 601922
RefSeq NM_001147
UniProt O15123
Other data
Locus Chr. 8 p23

The angiopoietins are protein growth factors that promote angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels from pre-existing blood vessels. There are now four identified angiopoietins: Ang1, Ang2, Ang3, Ang4. In addition, there are a number of proteins that are closely related to angiopoietins (ANGPTL2, ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, ANGPTL5, ANGPTL6, ANGPTL7). Ang1 and Ang2 are required for the formation of mature blood vessels, as demonstrated by mouse knock out studies.[2]

Contents

Angiopoietin receptors

The TIE receptors are tyrosine kinases, so named because they mediate cell signals by inducing the phosphorylation of key tyrosines, thus initiating the binding and activation of downstream, intracellular enzymes; this process is called cell signalling, and it is the method by which cells are induced to activate or inhibit key regulatory functions. It is somewhat controversial which of the TIE receptors mediate functional signals downstream of Ang stimulation - but it is clear that at least TIE-2 is capable of physiologic activation as a result of binding the angiopoietins. The angiopoietins are the secreted ligands of the TIE family of protein receptor tyrosine kinases.

Clinical relevance

Angiopoietin 2 is elevated in patients with angiosarcoma.[3]

Vaccination against TIE-2-positive cells appears to reduce atheroma formation in experimental animals.[4]

There are changes in circulating levels and ratios of angiopoietins during pregnancy, but not during the menstrual cycle and in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.[5]

References

  1. ^ PDB 1Z3U; Barton WA, Tzvetkova D, Nikolov DB (May 2005). "Structure of the angiopoietin-2 receptor binding domain and identification of surfaces involved in Tie2 recognition". Structure 13 (5): 825–32. doi:10.1016/j.str.2005.03.009. PMID 15893672. 
  2. ^ Thurston G (October 2003). "Role of Angiopoietins and Tie receptor tyrosine kinases in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis". Cell Tissue Res. 314 (1): 61–8. doi:10.1007/s00441-003-0749-6. PMID 12915980. 
  3. ^ Amo Y, Masuzawa M, Hamada Y, Katsuoka K (May 2004). "Observations on angiopoietin 2 in patients with angiosarcoma". Br. J. Dermatol. 150 (5): 1028–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05932.x. PMID 15149523. 
  4. ^ Hauer AD, Habets KL, van Wanrooij EJ, et al. (October 2008). "Vaccination against TIE2 reduces atherosclerosis". Atherosclerosis 204 (2): 365–71. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.09.039. PMID 19022447. 
  5. ^ Hurliman AK, Speroff L, Stouffer RL, Patton PE, Lee A, Molskness TA (March 2010). "Changes in Circulating Levels and Ratios of Angiopoietins during Pregnancy, but not during the Menstrual Cycle and Controlled Ovarian Stimulation". Fertil. Steril. 93 (5): 1493–9. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.036. PMC 2839053. PMID 19476937. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2839053. 

External links

angiogenic
anti-angiogenic

M: VAS

anat(a:h/u/t/a/l,v:h/u/t/a/l)/phys/devp/cell/prot

noco/syva/cong/lyvd/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(C2s+n/3/4/5/7/8/9)