| Andasol Solar Power Station | |
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Andasol Solar Power Station |
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| Country | Spain |
| Location | near Guadix, Granada |
| Coordinates | |
| Status | Operational |
| Commission date | 2009 |
| Owner(s) | ACS Group (Andasol 1,2&3) Solar Millennium MAN Ferrostaal Stadtwerke München RWE Innogy |
| Solar farm information | |
| Type | CSP |
| CSP technology | Parabolic trough |
| Power generation information | |
| Installed capacity | 150 MW |
| Annual generation | 180 GW·h |
The Andasol solar power station is Europe's first commercial parabolic trough solar thermal power plant, located near Guadix in Andalusia, Spain. Its name is a combination of Andalusia and Sol (Sun in Spanish).
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Andasol is the first parabolic trough power plant in Europe, and Andasol 1 went online in March 2009. Because of the high altitude (1,100 m) and the semi-arid climate, the site has exceptionally high annual direct insolation of 2,200 kWh/m² per year.[1] Each plant has a gross electricity output of 50 megawatts (MWe), producing around 180 gigawatt-hours (GW·h) per year (21 MW·yr per year). Each collector has a surface of 51 hectares (equal to 70 soccer fields); it occupies about 200 ha of land.[1]
Andasol has a thermal storage system which absorbs part of the heat produced in the solar field during the day. This heat is then stored in a molten salt mixture of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate. A turbine produces electricity using this heat during the evening, or when the sky is overcast. This process almost doubles the number of operational hours at the solar thermal power plant per year.[2] A full thermal reservoir holds 1,010 MW·h of heat, enough to run the turbine for about 7.5 hours at full-load, in case it rains or after sunset. The heat reservoirs each consist of two tanks measuring 14 m in height and 36 m in diameter and containing molten salt. Andasol 1 is able to supply environmentally friendly solar electricity for up to 200,000 people.[2][3]
Andasol 1 cost around €300 million (US$380 million) to build.[4] Thermal energy storage costs roughly US$50 per kWh of capacity (150 lbs of salt per kWh at a storage temperature of 400 °C), according to Greg Glatzmaier of the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), totaling about 13% of Andasol's initial cost.[4]
The developers say Andasol's electricity will cost €0.271 per kilowatt-hour (kW·h) to produce.[5] Under current government policy in Spain, solar-thermal electricity will receive a feed-in tariff of just under €0.27/kW·h for the next 25 years.[3]
The Andasol power plants are helping to meet the Spanish power grid's summer daily peak electricity demand caused primarily by air-conditioning units. The Andasol plants are ideal for meeting this demand, which peaks in the early afternoon, since solar radiation (and the power plants' output) are at their peak at the same time.[3]
Like every power plant with a thermal engine, cooling is needed for the working fluid. As Andasol is built in the warm middle of the south of Spain, every Andasol unit vaporizes 870.000 m³ water per year (according to the developer), or 5 l/kWh (1.3 USgal/kWh). Most power plants vaporize less water (typically 2.5 l/KWh), or none at all if they are cooled by river or sea water. Although water supply is generally a problem in Spain, Andasol has ample supply due to its location near Sierra Nevada.
The developer of the Andasol 1 and Andasol 2 plants are Solar Millennium (25%) and ACS Cobra (75%). After planning, engineering and construction Solar Millennium sold their shares to ACS Group. Andasol 3 is developed by the consortium of Solar Millennium and MAN Ferrostaal. Marquesado Solar SL is the investor consortium which is going to commission and operate Andasol 3. Shareholders of Marquesado Solar SL are:
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