Amphiregulin

Identifiers

AREG; AR; AREGB; CRDGF; MGC13647; SDGF

External IDs

OMIM: 104640 MGI: 88068 HomoloGene: 1252 GeneCards: AREG Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• cytokine activity • growth factor activity
Cellular component	• extracellular space • membrane • integral to membrane
Biological process	• cell-cell signaling • cell proliferation
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 4:
75.53 – 75.54 Mb

Chr 5:
91.57 – 91.58 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Amphiregulin, also known as AREG, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AREG gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. It is an autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells, and fibroblasts. It is related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). This protein interacts with the EGF/TGF-alpha receptor to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells and inhibits the growth of certain aggressive carcinoma cell lines. This encoded protein is associated with a psoriasis-like skin phenotype.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: AREG amphiregulin (schwannoma-derived growth factor)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=374.
^ Shoyab M, Plowman GD, McDonald VL, Bradley JG, Todaro GJ (February 1989). "Structure and function of human amphiregulin: a member of the epidermal growth factor family". Science 243 (4894 Pt 1): 1074–6. doi:10.1126/science.2466334. PMID 2466334.
^ Plowman GD, Green JM, McDonald VL, Neubauer MG, Disteche CM, Todaro GJ, Shoyab M (May 1990). "The amphiregulin gene encodes a novel epidermal growth factor-related protein with tumor-inhibitory activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 10 (5): 1969–81. PMC 360543. PMID 2325643. http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/10/5/1969.

Culouscou JM, Remacle-Bonnet M, Carlton GW, et al. (1993). "Colorectum cell-derived growth factor (CRDGF) is homologous to amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor family". Growth Factors 7 (3): 195–205. doi:10.3109/08977199209046924. PMID 1333777.
Cook PW, Mattox PA, Keeble WW, et al. (1991). "A heparin sulfate-regulated human keratinocyte autocrine factor is similar or identical to amphiregulin". Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (5): 2547–57. PMC 360024. PMID 2017164. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=360024.
Kimura H, Fischer WH, Schubert D (1990). "Structure, expression and function of a schwannoma-derived growth factor". Nature 348 (6298): 257–60. doi:10.1038/348257a0. PMID 2234093.
Plowman GD, Green JM, McDonald VL, et al. (1990). "The amphiregulin gene encodes a novel epidermal growth factor-related protein with tumor-inhibitory activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 10 (5): 1969–81. PMC 360543. PMID 2325643. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=360543.
Shoyab M, Plowman GD, McDonald VL, et al. (1989). "Structure and function of human amphiregulin: a member of the epidermal growth factor family". Science 243 (4894 Pt 1): 1074–6. doi:10.1126/science.2466334. PMID 2466334.
Shoyab M, McDonald VL, Bradley JG, Todaro GJ (1988). "Amphiregulin: a bifunctional growth-modulating glycoprotein produced by the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (17): 6528–32. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.17.6528. PMC 282006. PMID 3413110. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=282006.
Chen CS, Bejcek BE, Kersey JH (1995). "A mapping study of 13 genes on human chromosome bands 4q11→q25". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 69 (3–4): 260–5. doi:10.1159/000133976. PMID 7698025.
Cook PW, Piepkorn M, Clegg CH, et al. (1997). "Transgenic expression of the human amphiregulin gene induces a psoriasis-like phenotype". J. Clin. Invest. 100 (9): 2286–94. doi:10.1172/JCI119766. PMC 508424. PMID 9410906. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=508424.
Wong L, Deb TB, Thompson SA, et al. (1999). "A differential requirement for the COOH-terminal region of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in amphiregulin and EGF mitogenic signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (13): 8900–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.13.8900. PMID 10085134.
Reddy KB, Krueger JS, Kondapaka SB, Diglio CA (1999). "Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates the expression of progelatinase B (MMP-9) in breast epithelial cells". Int. J. Cancer 82 (2): 268–73. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990719)82:2<268::AID-IJC18>3.0.CO;2-4. PMID 10389762.
Fernandes AM, Hamburger AW, Gerwin BI (1999). "Production of epidermal growth factor related ligands in tumorigenic and benign human lung epithelial cells". Cancer Lett. 142 (1): 55–63. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00166-4. PMID 10424781.
Lee SB, Huang K, Palmer R, et al. (1999). "The Wilms tumor suppressor WT1 encodes a transcriptional activator of amphiregulin". Cell 98 (5): 663–73. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80053-7. PMID 10490105.
Tokumaru S, Higashiyama S, Endo T, et al. (2000). "Ectodomain Shedding of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligands Is Required for Keratinocyte Migration in Cutaneous Wound Healing". J. Cell Biol. 151 (2): 209–20. doi:10.1083/jcb.151.2.209. PMC 2192647. PMID 11038170. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2192647.
Ebert MP, Hernberg S, Fei G, et al. (2001). "Induction and expression of cyclin D3 in human pancreatic cancer". J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 127 (7): 449–54. doi:10.1007/s004320100235. PMID 11469683.
Berquin IM, Dziubinski ML, Nolan GP, Ethier SP (2001). "A functional screen for genes inducing epidermal growth factor autonomy of human mammary epithelial cells confirms the role of amphiregulin". Oncogene 20 (30): 4019–28. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204537. PMID 11494130.
Thøgersen VB, Sørensen BS, Poulsen SS, et al. (2001). "A subclass of HER1 ligands are prognostic markers for survival in bladder cancer patients". Cancer Res. 61 (16): 6227–33. PMID 11507076.
Wolfgang CD, Essand M, Lee B, Pastan I (2001). "T-cell receptor gamma chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP) expression in prostate cancer cells leads to an increased growth rate and induction of caveolins and amphiregulin". Cancer Res. 61 (22): 8122–6. PMID 11719440.
Schiemann U, Konturek J, Assert R, et al. (2002). "mRNA expression of EGF receptor ligands in atrophic gastritis before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication". Med. Sci. Monit. 8 (2): CR53–8. PMID 11859273.
Tørring N, Møller-Ernst Jensen K, Lund L, et al. (2002). "Possible autocrine loop of the epidermal growth factor system in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with finasteride: a placebo-controlled randomized study". BJU Int. 89 (6): 583–90. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410X.2002.02665.x. PMID 11942969.
Hurbin A, Dubrez L, Coll JL, Favrot MC (2003). "Inhibition of apoptosis by amphiregulin via an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-dependent pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (51): 49127–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207584200. PMID 12356750.

Amphiregulin

Function

References

Further reading