Ambassadors of the United States

This is a list of ambassadors of the United States to individual nations of the world, to international organizations, to past nations, and ambassadors-at-large.

Ambassadors are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. An ambassador can be appointed during a recess of the Senate, but can serve only the end of the next session of Congress unless subsequently confirmed by the Senate. Ambassadors serve "at the pleasure of the President," which means that they can be dismissed at any time.

An ambassador may be a career foreign service officer or a political appointee. In most cases, U.S. ambassadors who are career foreign service officers serve a tour of approximately three years in a foreign post. Ambassadors who are political appointees will customarily tender their resignations upon inauguration of a new President. As embassies fall within the Department of State, ambassadors answer to the Secretary of State.

Contents

Current U.S. Ambassadors

Host country Ref U.S. Ambassador Embassy
Website		 Date Confirmed
Afghanistan Ref Ryan Crocker Kabul July 2011
Albania Ref Alexander A. Arvizu Tirana December 2010
Algeria Ref Henry S. Ensher Algiers July 2011
Andorra Ref Alan Solomont Madrid December 2009
Angola Ref Christopher J. McMullen Luanda September 2010
Antigua and Barbuda[1] Ref Vacant since 2008.
Christopher Sandrolini, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Bridgetown  
Argentina Ref Vilma S. Martinez Buenos Aires July 2009
Armenia Ref Vacant since June 2011
Bruce Donahue, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Yerevan  
Australia Ref Jeff Bleich Canberra November 2009
Austria Ref William Eacho Vienna August 2009
Azerbaijan Ref Matthew J. Bryza Baku December 2010
The Bahamas Ref Nicole Avant Nassau September 2009
Bahrain Ref Thomas Krajeski Manama October 2011
Bangladesh Ref Dan Mozena Dhaka June 2011
Barbados[1] Ref Vacant since 2008
Christopher Sandrolini, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Bridgetown  
Belarus Ref Vacant since March 12, 2008.
Michael Scanlan, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.		 Minsk  
Belgium Ref Howard W. Gutman Brussels August 2009
Belize Ref Vinai Thummalapally Belmopan June 2009
Benin Ref James Knight Cotonou August 2009
Bolivia Ref Vacant since September 10, 2008
John S. Creamer, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.		 La Paz  
Bosnia and Herzegovina Ref Patrick S. Moon Sarajevo August 2009
Botswana Ref Michelle D. Gavin Gaborone June 2011
Brazil Ref Thomas A. Shannon, Jr. Brasilia December 2009
Brunei Ref Daniel L. Shields Bandar Seri Begawan March 2011
Bulgaria Ref James B. Warlick, Jr. Sofia December 2009
Burkina Faso Ref Thomas Dougherty Ouagadougou May 2010
Burma[2] Ref Vacant since September 30, 1990
Larry M. Dinger, Chargé d'Affaires		 Rangoon September 2008
Burundi Ref Pamela J. H. Slutz Bujumbura November 2009
Cambodia Ref Carol A. Rodley Phnom Penh October 2008
Cameroon Ref Robert P. Jackson Yaoundé September 2010
Canada Ref David Jacobson Ottawa October 2009
Cape Verde Ref Adrienne S. O’Neal Praia October 2011
Central African Republic Ref Lawrence D. Wohlers Bangui September 2010
Chad Ref Mark Boulware Ndjamena September 2010
Chile Ref Alejandro Daniel Wolff Santiago July 2010
China Ref Gary Locke Beijing July 2011
Colombia Ref Peter Michael Mckinley Bogotá August 2010
Comoros[3] Ref Vacant
Eric W. Stromayer, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.		 Antananarivo
Democratic Republic of the Congo Ref James F. Entwistle Kinshasa August 2010
Republic of the Congo Ref Christopher W. Murray Brazzaville August 2010
Costa Rica Ref Anne Slaughter Andrew San José December 2009
Côte d'Ivoire Ref Phillip Carter III Abidjan 2010
Croatia Ref James B. Foley Zagreb September 2009
Cuba[4] Ref
Ref		 Jonathan D. Farrar
Chief of Mission		 Havana 2008
Cyprus Ref Vacant since July 2011
James Schofer, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Nicosia  
Northern Cyprus[5]        
Czech Republic Ref Norman L. Eisen Prague December 2010
Denmark Ref Laurie S. Fulton Copenhagen July 2009
Djibouti Ref James C. Swan Djibouti October 2008
Dominica[1] Ref Vacant since 2008
Christopher Sandrolini, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Bridgetown  
Dominican Republic Ref Raul H. Yzaguirre Santo Domingo September 29, 2010
East Timor (Timor-Leste) Ref Judith Fergin Dili September 2010
Ecuador Ref Vacant since April 2011
Timothy Zúñiga-Brown, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Quito  
Egypt Ref Vacant since June 2011
Matthew H. Tueller, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Cairo  
El Salvador Ref Mari Carmen Aponte San Salvador September 2010
Equatorial Guinea Ref Alberto M. Fernandez Malabo February 2010
Eritrea Ref Vacant since July 2010
Joel Reifman, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.		 Asmara  
Estonia Ref Michael C. Polt Tallinn September 2009
Ethiopia Ref Donald E. Booth Addis Ababa April 2010
Fiji[6] Ref C. Steven McGann Suva October 2008
Finland Ref Bruce J. Oreck Helsinki August 2009
France[7] Ref Charles Rivkin Paris July 2009
Gabon[8] Ref Eric D. Benjaminson Libreville July 2010
The Gambia Ref Pamela White Banjul September 2010
Georgia Ref John R. Bass Tbilisi October 2009
Germany Ref Philip D. Murphy Berlin August 2009
Ghana Ref Donald G. Teitelbaum Ghana June 2008
Greece Ref Daniel Bennett Smith Athens September 2010
Grenada[1] Ref Vacant since 2008
Christopher Sandrolini, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Bridgetown  
Guatemala Ref Stephen G. McFarland Guatemala August 2008
Guinea Ref Patricia Moller Conakry October 2009
Guinea-Bissau[9] Ref Lewis A. Lukens Dakar August 2011
Guyana Ref D. Brent Hardt Georgetown June 2011
Haiti Ref Kenneth H. Merten Port-au-Prince June 2009
Holy See Ref Miguel H. Díaz Vatican August 2009
Honduras Ref Vacant since ca. July 2011
William Brands, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Tegucigalpa  
Hungary Ref Eleni Tsakopoulos Kounalakis Budapest January 2010
Iceland Ref Luis E. Arreaga Reykjavik August 2010
India Ref Nancy Powell New Delhi December 2011
Indonesia Ref Scot Marciel Jakarta August 2010
Iran[10] Ref
Iraq Ref James Franklin Jeffrey Baghdad August 2010
Ireland Ref Dan Rooney Dublin July 2009
Israel Ref Daniel B. Shapiro Tel Aviv July 2011
Italy[11] Ref David Thorne Rome August 2009
Jamaica Ref Pamela E. Bridgewater Kingston December 2010
Japan Ref John Roos Tokyo August 2009
Jordan Ref Vacant since July 2011
Lawrence C. Mandel, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Amman  
Kazakhstan Ref Kenneth J. Fairfax Astana July 2011
Kenya Ref Scott Gration Nairobi April 2011
Kiribati[6] Ref C. Steven McGann Suva October 2008
North Korea[12]        
South Korea Ref Kathleen Stephens Seoul August 2008
Kosovo Ref Christopher William Dell Pristina May 2009
Kuwait Ref Vacant since June 2011
Virginia Keener, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Kuwait City  
Kyrgyzstan Ref Pamela L. Spratlen Bishkek April 2011
Laos Ref Karen B. Stewart Vientiane November 2010
Latvia Ref Judith G. Garber Riga August 2009
Lebanon Ref Maura Connelly Beirut September 2010
Lesotho Ref Michele T. Bond Maseru September 2010
Liberia Ref Linda Thomas-Greenfield Monrovia July 2008
Libya Ref Gene A. Cretz Tripoli December 2008
Liechtenstein[13] Ref Donald S. Beyer, Jr. Bern August 2009
Lithuania Ref Anne E. Derse Vilnius September 2009
Luxembourg Ref Robert Mandell Luxembourg October 2011
Macedonia Ref Paul D. Wohlers Skopje September 2011
Madagascar[3] Ref Vacant since June 7, 2010
Eric W. Stromayer, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.		 Antananarivo  
Malawi Ref Vacant
Lisa Vickers, Deputy Chief of Mission		 Lilongwe  
Malaysia Ref Paul W. Jones Kuala Lumpur September 2010
Maldives[14] Ref Patricia A. Butenis Colombo January 2010
Mali Ref Mary Leonard Bamako October 2011
Malta Ref Vacant since 2011
Richard M. Mills, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Valletta
Marshall Islands Ref Martha Campbell Majuro August 2009
Mauritania Ref Jo Ellen Powell Nouakchott September 2010
Mauritius[15] Ref Mary Jo Wills Port Louis February 2010
Mexico Ref Vacant since March 2011
John D. Feeley, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.		 Mexico City  
Micronesia, Federated States of Ref Peter Alan Prahar Kolonia December 2009
Moldova Ref Vacant since July 2011
Marcus Micheli, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Chisinau  
Monaco[7][16] Ref Charles Rivkin Paris July 2009
Mongolia Ref Jonathan S. Addleton Ulaanbaatar November 2009
Montenegro Ref Sue K. Brown Podgorica April 2011
Morocco Ref Samuel L. Kaplan Rabat September 2009
Mozambique Ref Leslie V. Rowe Maputo September 2009
Myanmar (see Burma above)[2]
Namibia Ref Wanda L. Nesbitt Windhoek September 2010
Nauru[6] Ref C. Steven McGann Suva October 2008
Nepal Ref Scott H. DeLisi Kathmandu March 2010
Netherlands Ref Fay Hartog-Levin The Hague August 2009
New Zealand[17] Ref David Huebner Wellington November 2009
Nicaragua Ref Vacant since ca. June 2011
Robert R. Downes, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Managua  
Niger Ref Bisa Williams Niamey October 2010
Nigeria Ref Terence P. McCulley Abuja September 2010
Norway Ref Barry B. White Oslo September 2009
Oman Ref Richard Schmierer Muscat August 2009
Pakistan Ref Cameron Munter Islamabad October 2010
Palau[18] Ref Helen Reed-Rowe Koror September 2010
Panama Ref Phyllis M. Powers Panama August 2010
Papua New Guinea[19] Ref Teddy B. Taylor Port Moresby September 2009
Paraguay Ref Liliana Ayalde Asunción August 2008
Peru Ref Rose M. Likins Lima September 2010
Philippines[18] Ref Harry K. Thomas, Jr. Manila April 2010
Poland Ref Lee A. Feinstein Warsaw September 2009
Portugal Ref Allan J. Katz Lisbon March 2010
Qatar Ref Susan L. Ziadeh
(confirmed June 30, 2011)		 Doha June 2011
Romania Ref Mark Gitenstein Bucharest July 2009
Russia Ref John Beyrle Moscow July 2008
Rwanda Ref Donald W. Koran Kigali July 2009
Saint Kitts and Nevis[1] Ref Vacant since 2008
Christopher Sandrolini, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Bridgetown  
Saint Lucia[1] Ref Vacant since 2008
Christopher Sandrolini, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Bridgetown  
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[1] Ref Vacant since 2008
Christopher Sandrolini, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		 Bridgetown  
Samoa[17] Ref David Huebner Wellington November 2009
San Marino[11] Ref David Thorne Florence July 2009
São Tomé and Príncipe[8] Ref Eric D. Benjaminson Libreville July 2010
Saudi Arabia Ref James B. Smith Riyadh September 2009
Senegal[9] Ref Lewis A. Lukens Dakar August 2011
Serbia Ref Mary Burce Warlick Belgrade December 2009
Seychelles[15] Ref Mary Jo Wills Port Louis February 2010
Sierra Leone Ref Michael S. Owen Freetown August 2010
Singapore Ref David Adelman Singapore March 2010
Slovakia Ref Theodore Sedgwick Bratislava July 2010
Slovenia Ref Joseph A. Mussomeli Ljubljana October 2010
Solomon Islands[19] Ref Teddy B. Taylor Port Moresby September 2009
Somalia[20][21] Ref Virtual Presence Post
Managed through the U.S. Embassy in Kenya		 Somalia VPP  
South Africa Ref Donald Gips Pretoria July 2009
South Ossetia[22]
South Sudan Ref Susan Page Juba October 2011
Spain[23] Ref Alan Solomont Madrid December 2009
Sri Lanka[14] Ref Patricia A. Butenis Colombo January 2010
Sudan[24] Ref Vacant since 1996
Robert E. Whitehead, Chargé d’Affaires a. i.		 Khartoum  
Suriname Ref John R. Nay Paramaribo October 2009
Swaziland Ref Earl M. Irving Mbabane August 2009
Sweden Ref Mark Brzezinski Stockholm October 2011
Switzerland[13] Ref Donald S. Beyer, Jr. Bern August 2009
Syria[25] Ref Robert Stephen Ford Damascus December 2010
Taiwan[26]      
Tajikistan Ref Kenneth E. Gross, Jr. Dushanbe August 2009
Tanzania Ref Alfonso E. Lenhardt Dar es Salaam August 2009
Thailand Ref Kristie Kenney Bangkok January 2011
Togo Ref Patricia McMahon Hawkins Lomé August 2008
Tonga[6] Ref C. Steven McGann Tonga October 2008
Trinidad and Tobago Ref Beatrice Wilkinson Welters Port of Spain April 2010
Tunisia Ref Gordon Gray Tunis August 2009
Turkey Ref Francis J. Ricciardone, Jr. Ankara January 2011
Turkmenistan Ref Robert Patterson Ashgabat April 2011
Tuvalu[6] Ref C. Steven McGann Suva October 2008
Uganda Ref Jerry P. Lanier Kampala August 2009
Ukraine Ref John F. Tefft Kiev November 2009
United Arab Emirates Ref Michael H. Corbin Abu Dhabi July 2011
United Kingdom[27] Ref Louis Susman London July 2009
Uruguay Ref Vacant since May 2011
Thomas H. Lloyd, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.		 Montevideo  
Uzbekistan Ref George A. Krol Tashkent June 2011
Vanuatu[19] Ref Teddy B. Taylor Port Moresby September 2009
Venezuela Ref Vacant since July 2010
John Caulfield, Chargé d'Affaires a.i. [28]		 Caracas  
Vietnam Ref David B. Shear Hanoi August 2011
Western Sahara[29]        
Yemen Ref Gerald M. Feierstein Sana’a September 2010
Zambia Ref Mark C. Storella Lusaka August 2010
Zimbabwe Ref Charles A. Ray Harare September 2009

Ambassadors to international organizations

Current ambassadors from the United States to international organizations

Host organization Location Ambassador
African Union Addis Ababa, Ethiopia John Simon
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Washington, D.C., United States Patricia Haslach
Association of Southeast Asian Nations Jakarta, Indonesia
Conference on Disarmament Geneva, Switzerland Laura E. Kennedy
European Union Brussels, Belgium William Kennard
International Civil Aviation Organization Montreal, Canada
North Atlantic Treaty Organization Brussels, Belgium Ivo Daalder
Organization of American States Washington, D.C., United States Carmen Lomellin
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Rashad Hussain
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Paris, France Karen Kornbluh
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Vienna, Austria Ian C. Kelly
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The Hague, Netherlands Robert Mikulak
United Nations New York, United States Susan Rice
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Paris, France David Killion
United Nations Environment Programme Nairobi, Kenya Joseph P. Murphy
United Nations Agencies in Rome Rome, Italy Ertharin Cousin
United Nations International Organizations in Vienna Vienna, Austria Glyn Davies
United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva Geneva, Switzerland Betty E. King
United Nations Human Rights Council Geneva, Switzerland Eileen Chamberlain Donahoe
World Trade Organization Geneva, Switzerland Michael Punke

Ambassadors-at-large

Current ambassadors-at-large from the United States with worldwide responsibility:

Title Ambassador U.S. State Department
Ambassador-at-Large for Counterterrorism Daniel Benjamin Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism
Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women's Issues Melanne Verveer Office of Global Women’s Issues
Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom Suzan Johnson Cook Office of International Religious Freedom
Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues Stephen Rapp Office of War Crimes Issues
Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons [Luis CdeBaca] Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons

Ambassadors to past countries

Other senior diplomatic representatives

Senior diplomatic representatives of the United States to posts other than embassies:

Host country Ambassador Title
Curaçao Valerie Belon Consul General and Chief of Mission
Hong Kong and Macau Stephen M. Young Consul General and Chief of Mission
Jerusalem Daniel Rubinstein Consul General and Chief of Mission
Taiwan William A. Stanton Director of the Taipei office of the American Institute in Taiwan

Selected past ambassadors

Well-known past ambassadors from the United States

Ambassador Host country or organization
Charles Francis Adams United Kingdom
John Adams United Kingdom, Netherlands
John Quincy Adams United Kingdom, Russia, Netherlands, Germany
Madeleine K. Albright United Nations
William Anders Norway
Eugenie Anderson Denmark
Walter H. Annenberg United Kingdom
William Waldorf Astor Italy
Ebenezer Bassett Haiti
Shirley Temple Black Czechoslovakia, Ghana
Chester Bowles India
L. Paul Bremer Netherlands
Carol Moseley Braun New Zealand
James Buchanan Russia, United Kingdom
Ellsworth Bunker South Vietnam
George H. W. Bush United Nations
George M. Dallas United Kingdom, Russia
Charles G. Dawes United Kingdom
Frederick Douglass Haiti
Lawrence Eagleburger Yugoslavia
John Eisenhower Belgium
Thomas S. Foley Japan
Benjamin Franklin France, Sweden
John Kenneth Galbraith India
Arthur Goldberg United Nations
Hannibal Hamlin Spain
W. Averell Harriman Soviet Union, United Kingdom
Pamela Harriman France
Patricia Roberts Harris Luxembourg
William Henry Harrison Colombia
Richard Holbrooke United Nations, Germany
James Hormel Luxembourg
John Jay Spain
Thomas Jefferson France
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. United Kingdom
Alan Keyes United Nations Social and Economic Council
Jeane Kirkpatrick United Nations
Robert Todd Lincoln United Kingdom
Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. United Nations, Germany
Clare Boothe Luce Italy
Douglas MacArthur II Japan, Iran, Austria and Belgium
Michael J. Mansfield Japan
Graham Martin South Vietnam
George S. McGovern United Nations agencies in Rome
Andrew W. Mellon United Kingdom
Walter F. Mondale Japan
James Monroe France, United Kingdom
Gouverneur Morris France
Daniel Patrick Moynihan India, United Nations
John Negroponte Honduras, Iraq, Mexico, Philippines, United Nations
Charles C. Pinckney France, Spain
Elliot L. Richardson United Kingdom
Carl Rowan Finland
Donald Rumsfeld NATO
R. Sargent Shriver France
Raymond A. Spruance Philippines
Adlai E. Stevenson II United Nations
Martin Van Buren United Kingdom
Paul Wolfowitz Indonesia
Andrew Young United Nations

Nations without exchange of ambassadors

Bhutan - According to the United States Department of State, "The United States and the Kingdom of Bhutan have not established formal diplomatic relations; however, the two governments have informal and cordial relations." Informal contact with the nation of Bhutan is maintained through the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.

Cuba - Although the island country of Cuba is a close neighbor to the United States, the U.S. interacts with Cuba only via a U.S. Interests office at the Swiss Embassy in Havana and Washington, D.C. The U.S. broke diplomatic relations with Cuba on January 3, 1961.

Iran - On April 7, 1980, the United States broke diplomatic relations with theocratic Iran, and on April 24, 1981, the Swiss government assumed representation of U.S. interests in Tehran. Iranian interests in the United States are represented by the government of Pakistan.

North Korea - The communist dictatorship of North Korea is not on friendly terms with the U.S. and while talks between the two countries are ongoing, there is no exchange of ambassadors.

Republic of China (Taiwan) - With the normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China in 1979, the U.S. does not maintain official diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Relations between Taiwan and the United States are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office, with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington, D.C., and 12 other U.S. cities. The Taipei Office of the American Institute in Taiwan functions as a de facto embassy, performing most consular functions and staffed by U.S. Foreign Service Officers formally "on leave".

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g The United States Ambassador to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, resident in Bridgetown, Barbados, is concurrently accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
  2. ^ a b In 1989 the military government of Burma changed the name of the nation to Myanmar, but the United States government—and other Western governments—do not accept the name and still refer to the country as Burma in official usage. See Myanmar.
  3. ^ a b One ambassador—resident at Antananarivo—is accredited to Madagascar and Comoros.
  4. ^ The United States does not currently maintain diplomatic relations with Cuba. U.S. interests in Cuba are handled by the U.S. Interests section of the Embassy of Switzerland in Havana.
  5. ^ The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not recognized by the United Nations, the United States, nor any other country aside from Turkey.
  6. ^ a b c d e One ambassador—resident at Suva—is accredited to Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu. Source U.S. Embassy Suva.
  7. ^ a b As of December 2006, the U.S. ambassador to France is also accredited to Monaco.
  8. ^ a b One ambassador—resident at Libreville—is accredited to Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe. Source: U.S. State Department
  9. ^ a b One ambassador—resident at Dakar—is accredited to Guinea-Bissau and Senegal.
  10. ^ The United States does not currently maintain diplomatic relations Iran. U.S. interests in Iran are handled by the U.S. Interests section of the Embassy of Switzerland in Tehran.
  11. ^ a b The U.S. Ambassador to Rome is also accredited to San Marino. The U.S. Consulate in Florence handles matters concerned with San Marino.
  12. ^ The United States does not currently maintain diplomatic relations with North Korea. American citizens who travel to North Korea do so at their own risk and in some cases in violation of U.S. and/or UN sanctions.
  13. ^ a b One ambassador—resident at Bern—is accredited to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
  14. ^ a b One ambassador—resident at Colombo—is accredited to Maldives and Sri Lanka.
  15. ^ a b One ambassador—resident at Port Louis—is accredited to Mauritius and Seychelles.
  16. ^ Until December 2006, the United States and Monaco had no formal diplomatic relations (exchange of ambassadors. The U.S. Consul General in Marseille, France, under the authority of the U.S. Ambassador to France, managed relations with Monaco. In December 2006, the United States and Monaco upgraded from consular to full diplomatic relations and Ambassador Craig Stapleton (France) was accredited to Monaco. Source: Department of State: Background notes on Monaco, U.S. Embassy in France: U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Monaco.
  17. ^ a b One ambassador—resident at Wellington—is accredited to New Zealand and Samoa.
  18. ^ a b Until 2005 one ambassador—resident at Manila—was accredited to the Philippines and Palau. Source: CIA World Factbook. Helen Reed-Rowe is the first ambassador to Palau to be confirmed in 2010.
  19. ^ a b c One ambassador—resident at Port Moresby—is accredited to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu.
  20. ^ The United States has no diplomatic relations with Somalia. The last ambassador to Somalia was James Keough Bishop when the embassy in Mogadishu was closed on January 5, 1991. Source: U.S State Department.
  21. ^ "Virtual Presence Post Somalia". http://somalia.usvpp.gov/welcome.html. 
  22. ^ Abkhazia and South Ossetia are not recognized by the United Nations, the United States, nor any other countries aside from Russia, Nicaragua and Venezuela.
  23. ^ The U.S. Ambassador to Spain—resident at Madrid—is also accredited to Andorra.
  24. ^ The U.S. Embassy in Khartoum was closed on February 7, 1996. Timothy Michael Carney was the last ambassador to Sudan. The embassy was reopened on May 23, 2002, with Jeffrey Millington as Chargé d’Affaires ad interim. There has been no U.S. ambassador in Khartoum since then. Source U.S. Department of State.
  25. ^ Ambassador Margaret Scobey was recalled February 2005 in protest of Rafik Hariri assassination. Ref: U.S. Department of State press release, Background notes on Syria, BBC News. Ambassador Scobey has since been reassigned as the ambassador to Egypt.
  26. ^ The United States established relations with the People's Republic of China in 1979. Since then, relations between the US and Taiwan are carried out by the American Institute in Taiwan in Taipei.
  27. ^ The ambassador to the U.K. is known as the “Ambassador to the Court of St. James’s.”
  28. ^ President Chavez ordered the expulsion of the U.S. Ambassador, John Duddy, on September 11, 2008 in solidarity with the Bolivian government's decision to expel the U.S. Ambassador in La Paz. The U.S. Government ordered the reciprocal expulsion of the Venezuelan Ambassador in Washington. Source: U.S. Department of State Background Notes on Venezuela
  29. ^ The United States does not recognize Western Sahara, nor does the US recognize Moroccan claims to sovereignty over Western Sahara. Sources: Western Sahara, Foreign relations of Western Sahara, Foreign relations of Morocco.

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