| Alternative reggaeton | |
|---|---|
| Stylistic origins | Hip hop - Reggaeton |
| Cultural origins | Puerto Rico |
| Typical instruments | Sampler - drum - Bass guitar |
| Mainstream popularity | Latin America - United States |
| Subgenres | |
| Malianteo | |
| Regional scenes | |
| Puerto Rico - United States | |
Alternative reggaeton (also called reguetón alternativo or Latin-American hip-hop) is a sub-genre of hip hop music that emerged from the reggaeton movement as a reaction to its repetitive monotones of dem-bow rhythm, and the predominant stereotypical gansta content that most times became predictable. The result was a complex sound derived from worldly sounds, mainly rooted in Latin-American folk music such as Puerto Rican bomba y plena, vallenato, cumbia and tango and also other foreign influenced music such as rock en español. Mixed with thoughtful (and sometimes crude) lyricism guided by an anti-colonialism discourse, Latin-American sociopolitical content and racial pride it gave listeners a smooth blend of danceable rhythms and intellectual dialogue.
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The precursor is arguably one of the founding fathers of reggaeton: Vico-C, whose albums relied heavily on hip-hop acoustics, keyboards and reggae roots. Xplosion (1993), Aquel Que Habia Muerto (1998) and Desahogo (2005) are good examples.
The starting point of alternative-reggaeton per se is considered by many to be the album El Abayarde, the 2002 debut of Tego Calderón. The blend of Puerto Rican folk music, known as Bomba y Plena (derived from its African ancestry of Loiza), and a steady beats of hip hop and classical reggaetón served as a base for the new variant. The album became a major success, launching the underground status of Calderon to the pinnacle of the Spanish-speaking MC’s.
The breakthrough album of what is considered alternative reggaetón came in 2005 with the self-titled debut album of Puerto Rican duo Calle 13. The song "Atrévete-te-te" from the album became a big success on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart, peaking at #15.[1] This helped the genre gain more media exposure. The background of the Puerto Rican duo provided a fresh source for the subgenre. Producer and multi-instrumentalist Visitante was formerly educated in music, and eventually formed part of a rock en español and Brazilian batucada band called Bayanga, which provided a diametrical point of view from the traditional caserio-inspired dancehall synthesizer sound from most albums. Lyricist Residente was highly educated, having earned a Masters of Fine Arts in the Savannah College of Art and Design,[2] which contributed to his crafted lyricism and purposeful sarcasm. The main asset of the album was that it provided more than just danceable tracks, and it began to question the inner perception of Puerto Rican identity and the acceptance of foreign models as a pertinent solution to Latin-American issues. This is evident in the Diddy mocking song Pi-di-di-di. Some criticism has been raised of Residente by its close similarity to Eminem’s songs and whole ‘enfant terrible’ ethos.
The sophomore and junior album of the band have further expanded this realm creating a mature product that provides sexual discussions and ethical questioning. For this reason the band has achieve critical success winning multiple accolades including five Grammys.[3] They have also purposely distanced themselves from other reggaetoneros in their appearance by using simple tropical clothes with bright colors, and pucas (a good-luck charm necklace made by local craftsman) instead of the bling-bling persona derived from American rappers and completely decontextualized from the warm climate of the Caribbean.
Much like the alternative wing of hip hop (with artists such as Mos Def and Talib Kweli), both Tego Calderon and Calle 13 have found a solid fan-base and success in the indie scene and mainstream scenarios. But other artists such as 7-9 (sometimes referred to as SieteNueve) and Intifada still remain relatively unknown. Although their content in deliberately Nationalistic and completely in Spanish, much like the other alternative artists, they do not consider themselves reggaetoneros, but hip-hoppers. The only track to receive some airplay in major stations was 7-9’s Educate o Quedate Calla’o [4], a dissed track against Daddy Yankee arguing that his support to Sen. John McCain in the USA primaries was inappropriate and was setting a bad example for the youth. Others artist somewhat associated to the sub-genre is producer Danny Fornaris, due to his protest track Querido FBI, whom Calle 13 wrote in honor of Machetero leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos after he was allegedly assassinated by the FBI. However, Fornaris' constant collaborations with mainstream reggaetoneros, such as Don Omar and Tito El Bambino, has devaluated him in the indie scene, contributing to a sellout stigma.