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Allumwandlung (German for "complete promotion", sometimes shortened to AUW) is a chess problem where, at some stage in the solution, the pawn (or sometimes pawns) is promoted variously to a knight, bishop, rook and queen.
At right is a chess problem composed by Niels Høeg and first published in 1905. White to move and mate in three. The key move (white's first move) is 1.f7, and depending on how black defends, white promotes to either a queen, a rook, a bishop or a knight on move two. The lines are:
The importance of white's underpromotions can be understood by considering what happens if he promotes to a queen no matter what black plays: after 1... exf4 or 1... exd4 2. f8Q is stalemate, while following 1... Kf6 2. f8Q Kxg6 there is no mate.