| Alexander McCarrell Patch | |
|---|---|
| Nickname | "Sandy" Patch |
| Born | November 23, 1889 Fort Huachuca, Arizona |
| Died | November 21, 1945 (aged 55) Fort Sam Houston, Texas |
| Place of burial | West Point Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1913–45 |
| Rank | General |
| Commands held | Americal Division XIV Corps Seventh Army |
| Battles/wars | |
| Awards | Army Distinguished Service Medal Navy Distinguished Service Medal Companion of the Order of the Bath, UK Commander of the Légion d'honneur, France Croix de guerre, France Order of Leopold II, Grand Cross with Palm, Belgium Croix de guerre/Oorlogskruis, Belgium Order of Abdon Calderón, Ecuador |
General Alexander McCarrell "Sandy" Patch (November 23, 1889 – November 21, 1945) was an officer in the United States Army, best known for his service in World War II. He commanded Army and Marine forces during the invasion of Guadalcanal, and the U.S. Seventh Army in the invasion of southern France (Operation Dragoon).
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Patch was born on Fort Huachuca, a military post in Arizona where his father commanded a detachment. He never considered any career other than the army, and received his appointment to West Point in 1909. He wanted to follow his father into the cavalry, but realizing that they were becoming obsolete, he was commissioned into the infantry in 1913.
In World War I Patch served as an infantry officer and as an instructor in the Army's machine gun school. While commanding troops on the front line, his leadership came to the attention of George C. Marshall, then a member of Gen. John Pershing's staff. During the buildup before the United States' entry into World War II, Marshall was appointed Army Chief of Staff. Marshall promoted Patch to brigadier general, and sent him to Fort Bragg to supervise the training of new soldiers there.
In 1942, Patch was sent to the Pacific to organize the reinforcement and defense of New Caledonia. He took command of a loose collection of units, and formed them into the Americal Division (a name adopted on Patch's suggestion after it was proposed by a soldier in the division.) This unit first saw action in the Guadalcanal campaign. Starting in October 1942 they were brought in to relieve the valiant and malaria-ridden 1st Marine Division. In December, Patch moved up to command of the XIV Corps, and he was given charge of the entire offensive on Guadalcanal. Patch personally led troops under his command on a dangerous offensive in the Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse to capture several fortified hills and ridges from the Japanese forces. Under his leadership, by February 1943 the Japanese were driven from Guadalcanal.
Impressed by Patch's performance on Guadalcanal, General Marshall ordered him to Europe, where he took over command of the Seventh Army from General Mark Clark. Under Patch, the Seventh Army landed in Southern France on August 15, 1944. Patch led the Army in a fast offensive up the Rhone Valley. On September 9, near Dijon, France, it met up with elements of Patton's US Third Army that had driven east from the beaches of Normandy. Patch suffered personal tragedy when his son, Captain Alexander M. Patch III, was killed in action on October 22, 1944, while serving as an infantry company commander in the U.S. 79th Infantry Division.
Patch retained command of the Seventh Army until the end of the war, crossing into Germany, over the Rhine River, leading the Seventh's attack on the German Siegfried Line, and then into southern Germany.
In August 1945, Patch returned to the U.S. to take command of the Fourth Army, but he was soon hospitalized with lung problems. He died of pneumonia on November 21 at Brooke General Hospital, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. He is buried at West Point Cemetery.
Kurmärker Kaserne, in Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany, was renamed Patch Barracks in his honor on July 4, 1952. Patch Barracks is the home of Headquarters, United States European Command (HQ USEUCOM), the supreme US military command in Europe. Patch Barracks also has an elementary and high school named after General Patch. The transport ship USNS General Alexander M. Patch (T-AP-122) was also named for General Patch.
Patch was promoted to brigadier general on August 4, 1941, to major general on March 10, 1942, to lieutenant general on August 18, 1944 and to general on July 19, 1954, posthumously, under Pub.L. 83-508.
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Mark Wayne Clark |
Commanding General of the Seventh United States Army March 2, 1944 to June 1945 |
Succeeded by Wade H. Haislip |
, Grand Cross with Palm, Belgium