| Advaita Ashrama | |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1899 |
| Purpose/focus | Philanthropic, religious studies, spirituality |
| Headquarters | Belur Math |
| Region served | Worldwide |
| Website | Advaita Ashrama |
Advaita Ashrama, Mayavati, is a branch of the Ramakrishna Math, founded on 19 March 1899 at the behest of Swami Vivekananda,[1][2] by his disciples Captain James Henry Sevier and Mrs Charlotte Sevier. Today it is entrusted with the propagation of original writings of Swami Vivekananda.[2] As an ashram dedicated to the study and practice of Advaita Vedanta, no images or idols are worshipped here, not even of Sri Ramakrishna;[3] and no images were kept in the premises according to ashram ideals set by Swami Vivekananda himself.[4]
Also referred as the Mayawati Ashram,[5][6] it is located at an altitude of 1940 meters, 22 km from Champawat in Champawat district, Uttarakhand, and 9 km from the town of Lohaghat.[5] Advaita Ashrama is a major publication centre of the Ramakrishna Order for books in English and Hindi, mainly through its branch in Kolkata, and also maintains a charitable hospital at Mayavati. Among its important publications are The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda in English and as well as a Hindi translation, The Life of Swami Vivekananda, and English translations of important Hindu scriptures.
Some of the old manuscripts of the Ashram have now been microfilmed and preserved at Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), Delhi.[7]
Contents |
The Advaita Ashram has its origins in 1896, when Swami Vivekananda was travelling through the Alps recuperating, and expressed the desire to have a similar place in India, for retreat and study of Vedas [8].
Earlier, in 1895, Captain James Henry Sevier [9] who had served the British Indian Army for five years and his wife Charlotte Elizabeth Sevier, met Swami Vivekananda in England. Later in 1896, for nearly nine months, they travelled with him through Switzerland, Germany, and Italy. It was at the Alps that Swami Vivekananda, while travelling with the couple that he expressed his desire to have a similar retreat for the monks in the Himalayas. So, in December 1896 the couple moved to India, with Swami Vivekananda on board a steamer from Naples, Italy, with an aim to find a place near Almora and set up an Ashram [10], and arriving at Madras in February 1887 [11]. Soon just as Swami Vivekananda left for Calcutta, the couple left for Almora, here they rented a bungalow [12] and this became the residence of Swami Vivekananda and Seviers for the next two years.
Later when he left for Kashmir, Sevier couple along with Swami Swarupananda, a monastic disciple of Vivekananda, started travelling to the interior area looking a suitable place, which was eventually found in July 1898, set amidst dense deodar, pine and oak forests; the land which was till then a tea estate was promptly purchased, and decided upon for the new Ashram. Finally with the help of Swami Swarupananda, the ashram was set up [13], along with a small dwelling for the monks, ashramites and the couple themselves, around the same time as the Belur Math was being established near Kolkata, when they moved in on 19 March 1899, which happened to be the birth anniversary of Sri Ramakrishna (Hindu calendar) that year [14].
After the sudden death of its first editor, 24-year old B. R. Rajam Iyer at Chennai, the publication of the English journal Prabuddha Bharata was halted for a few months in May 1898, meanwhile in Almora, Swami Vivekananda asked Sevier and his wife to revive the magazine, and the editorship was given to Swami Swarupananda, who not only became the first head of the Ashram upon its opening on 19 March 1899 [15], but also remained its editor, at its new base hence forth; and the held the position until his death in 1906 [16][17][18].
Upon its foundation, Swami Vivekananda sent the following letter, in March 1899, entailing the prospectus of the Ashram:
"...To give this ONE TRUTH a freer and fuller scope in elevating the lives of individuals and leavening the mass of mankind, we start this Advaita Ashrama on the Himalayan heights, the land of its first expiration.
Here it is hoped to keep Advaita free from all superstitions and weakening contaminations. Here will be taught and practised nothing but the Doctrine of Unity, pure and simple; and though in entire sympathy with all other systems, this Ashrama is dedicated to Advaita and Advaita alone." [19]
Captain Sevier died on 28 October 1900, and was cremated the near by river Sarada, according to Hindu traditions as he wished [8][16]. Swami Vivekananda visited the ashram from 3–18 January 1901, primarily to console her [20][21], and his place of residence has now been turned into a library [13]. Mrs. Sevier continued to stay at the Ashram for several years.
Advaita Ashrama publishes many important books in English and Hindi, as well as the English journal Prabuddha Bharata which is being published since July 1896, making it the oldest running Journal by Ramakrishna Mission. A list of its most well-known other publications is as follows.
The first three presidents of Advaita Ashrama were also editors of the Prabuddha Bharata. Thereafter, the president and editor were different persons. From 1959, the ashrama president was also called the editor of Prabuddha Bharata, and the actual editor called the “joint editor”. From September 1993, the ashrama president is known as the managing editor, and the editor is again known as the editor.
| × | Period | President |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1899 to 1906 | Swami Swarupananda |
| 2 | 1906 to 1913 | Swami Virajananda |
| 3 | 1914 to 1918 | Swami Prajnananda |
| 4 | 1918 to 1927 | Swami Madhavananda |
| 5 | 1927 to 1937 | Swami Vireswarananda |
| 6 | 1937 to 1947 | Swami Pavitrananda |
| 7 | 1948 to 1953 | Swami Yogeswarananda |
| 8 | 1953 to 1963 | Swami Gambhirananda |
| 9 | 1964 to 1968 | Swami Chidatmananda |
| 10 | 1969 to 1976 | Swami Budhananda |
| 11 | 1976 to 1977 | Swami Vandanananda |
| 12 | 1977 to 1978 | Swami Tadrupananda |
| 13 | 1978 to 1988 | Swami Ananyananda |
| 14 | 1988 to 1990 | Swami Swananda |
| 15 | 1991 to 2006 | Swami Mumukshananda |
| 16 | 2006 to present | Swami Bodhasarananda |