| Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine |
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Bosnian Army Emblem |
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| Founded | April 15, 1992 |
| Disbanded | December 14, 1995 |
| Service branches | Bosnian Army Bosnian Air Force and Defense |
| Headquarters | Sarajevo, Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Leadership | |
| Commander-in-Chief | President Alija Izetbegović |
| Defence Minister | Munib Bišić |
| Commander | General Rasim Delić |
| Manpower | |
| Active personnel | 250,000 |
| Related articles | |
| History | Military ranks and insignia of Bosnia Bosnian war History of the Army of Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Zelene Beretke Štab Vrhovne Komande Armije Republike Bosne i Hercegovine War in Bosnia and Herzegovina Territorial Defence Force of the Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina |
The Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian, Croatian, : Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine, ARBiH; Serbian: Армија Републике Босне и Херцеговине, АРБиХ) was the military force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina established by the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992 following the outbreak of the Bosnian War. Following the end of the war, and the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995, it was transformed into Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Under the State Defense Reform Law the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina were unified in to a single structure OSBiH making entity armies defunct.
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The Army of Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was formed on April 15, 1992 during the early days of the Bosnian War. Before the ARBiH was officially created, a number of paramilitary and civil defense groups were established. The Patriotic League (PL) and the local Territorial Defence Force of the Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina (TORBIH) were the official army while paramilitaries such as the Zelene Beretke (Green Berets) and Crni Labudovi (Black Swans) units has been founded. Other irregular groups included criminal groups, as well as collections of police and former Yugoslav People's Army soldiers.
The army was formed in poor circumstances, and suffered from a very limited supply of arms. Critical deficiencies included tanks and other heavy weaponry. The first commander of the army was Sefer Halilović.
In 1992, 70% of Bosnia was under JNA (Yugoslav People's Army), and then later VRS (Bosnian Serb Army), control. Sarajevo was under siege. The ARBiH had defended Sarajevo with light weaponry. The army was surrounded and the transfer of supplies was hard, if not impossible.
1993 saw no major changes in the front lines against Serbs. Instead, this year marked the start of the Croat-Bosniak war in Central Bosnia and in Herzegovina, notably the Mostar region. Pressured and contained by heavily armed Serb forces in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Croatia, Croat forces - HVO (Croatian Defence Council) shifted their focus from defending their parts of Bosnia from Serbs to trying to capture remaining territory held by Bosnian Army. It is widely believed that this was due to the Karađorđevo agreement reached between presidents Slobodan Milošević and Franjo Tuđman to split Bosnia between Croatia and Serbia. In order to accomplish this Croatian forces would have to defeat the Bosnian Army, since the territory that they wanted was under Bosnian government control. HVO with great engagement from the Military of Republic of Croatia and material support from Serbs, attacked Bosniak civilian population in Herzegovina and in central Bosnia starting an ethnic cleansing of Bosniak populated territories (e.g. Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing). Vastly underequipped Bosnian forces, fighting on two fronts, were able to repel Croats and gain territory against them on every front. At this time, due to its geographic position, Bosnia was surrounded by Croat and Serb forces from all sides. There was no way to Import weapons or food. What saved Bosnia at this time was its vast Industrial complex (Steel and Heavy Industries) that was able to switch to military hardware production. After a short but bloody war and once Croats realized that their partnership with Serbs will not bring them any territorial gains they agreed to the US leadership's "Washington treaty" peace agreement. From that point on, Croat and Bosnian government forces continued to fight as allies against Serbs.
A renewed alliance between HVO and ARBiH was agreed, with the objective of forming a strong force that could fight the much stronger and better equipped VRS. This was the time of frequent peace negotiations.
Despite the loss of several enclaves, notably Srebrenica, 1995 was marked by HVO and ARBiH offensives and later by NATO intervention. The Croatian army, with cooperation from ARBiH and HVO, launched a series of operations: Flash, Summer '95, Storm and Mistral. In conjunction, Bosnian forces launched operations Sana and Una '95. Bosnian and Croat armies were on the offensive in this phase, captured entire western Bosnia, and the Serb capital Banja Luka was seriously threatened, until peace negotiations stopped further bloodshed.
In the period of August-December 1995, Serb forces were defeated and driven out of the majority of Croatia and western Bosnia, and the ethnic Serb population fled from these parts.
Following the second Markale massacre, NATO intervention was launched, which destroyed much of the VRS infrastructure in just a few days (Operation Deliberate Force). The war ended with the signing of the Dayton Accord.
The army was divided into Corps, each stationed in a particular territory. In 1993, most brigades were renamed as Mountain troops given that the lack of heavy weapons made it organizationally pointless to list them as infantry or motorized. In addition, Bosnian terrain favored light infantry over armored and mechanized formations.
displayed
| Name | Origin | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| MG42 | Germany | Machine gun | WW2 Model |
| M2 Browning machine gun | United States | Machine gun | captured |
| M48 Mauser | Yugoslavia | Bolt-action rifle | some used as sniper rifles fitted with ZRAK 4x32 telescopic sight |
| Zastava M72 | Yugoslavia | Assault rifle | Large Number |
| Zastava M76 | Yugoslavia | Sniper rifle | captured/smuggled |
| Heckler & Koch MP5 | Germany | Submachine gun | |
| AK-47 | Soviet Union | Assault rifle | Large Number |
| Zastava M70 | Yugoslavia | Assault rifle | Large Number |
| Škorpion vz. 61 | Yugoslavia | Submachine gun | Designed M84 Škorpion |
| Dragunov Sniper Rifle | Soviet Union | Sniper Rifle | smuggled |
| G3 | Germany | Assault rifle | low number |
| Zastava M84 | Yugoslavia | Machine gun | Large Number |
| Zastava M80 | Yugoslavia | Assault rifle | |
| Thompson submachine gun | United States | submachine gun | low number ( From old JNA stores ) |
| Pistol | Origin | Type | Versions | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TT pistol | Soviet Union | Pistol | ||
| CZ-99 | Yugoslavia | Pistol |
| Name | Origin | Type | Versions | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M80 Rocket Launcher | Yugoslavia | Rocket Launcher | 64 mm | |
| M79 Osa | Yugoslavia | Rocket Launcher | 90 mm | |
| AT-3 Sagger | Soviet Union | Anit-tank missile | ||
| HJ-8 | China | Anti-tank missile | Baktar-Shikan, HJ-8E | Was supplied to ARBiH in 1993-1995 |
| RPG-7 | Soviet Union | Rocket-propelled grenade | ||
| M90 | Yugoslavia | Rocket Launcher | 120 mm |
| Artillery | Origin | Type | Versions | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-30 | Soviet Union | Howitzer | D-30J | captured | |
| BM-21 Grad | Soviet Union | Multiple rocket launcher | BM-21 Grad/RM-70 | ||
| M-63 | Yugoslavia | Multiple rocket launcher | M-63 Plamen | ||
| M-77 | Yugoslavia | Multiple rocket launcher | M-77 Oganj | ||
| M-87 | Yugoslavia | Multiple rocket launcher | few | ||
| Type 63 multiple rocket launcher | People's Republic of China | Multiple rocket launcher | Large Number |
| Tanks | Origin | Type | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T-34 | Soviet Union | Main battle tank | 46 tanks | |
| M-84 | Yugoslavia | Main battle tank | captured, 3 vehicles | |
| T-55 | Soviet Union | Main battle tank | 60 tanks | |
| PT-76 | Soviet Union | light tank | ||
| M47 Patton | United States | Main battle tank | 8 (captured from JNA reserve) |
| APC | Origin | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BVP M-80 | Yugoslavia | ||
| OT M-60 | Yugoslavia | ||
| BOV (APC) | Yugoslavia | from police and captured from VRS | |
| BRDM-2 | Soviet Union | ~3 vehicles |
| System | Origin | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZSU-57-2 | Soviet Union | <10 Vehicles | |
| M53/59 Praga | Czech Republic | <5 vehicles |
| System | Origin | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bofors 40 mm | Sweden | ||
| ZU-23-2 | Soviet Union | mainly used against ground targets |
| System | Origin | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2S1 Gvozdika | Soviet Union | low number ( captured 1994-1995) | |
| M36 tank destroyer | United States | few |