ADARB1

Adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1

PDB rendering based on 1zy7.

Available structures
PDB	1zy7, 2b7t, 2b7v

Identifiers

Symbols

ADARB1; ADAR2; DRABA2; DRADA2; RED1

External IDs

OMIM: 601218 MGI: 891999 HomoloGene: 8280 GeneCards: ADARB1 Gene

EC number

3.5.-.-

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• RNA binding • double-stranded RNA binding • double-stranded RNA binding • double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity • double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity • mRNA binding • hydrolase activity • metal ion binding
Cellular component	• intracellular • nucleus • nucleoplasm
Biological process	• adenosine to inosine editing • RNA processing • mRNA processing • base conversion or substitution editing • mRNA modification
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 21:
46.49 – 46.65 Mb

Chr 10:
76.75 – 76.88 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADARB1 gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. Studies in rat found that this enzyme acted on its own pre-mRNA molecules to convert an AA dinucleotide to an AI dinucleotide which resulted in a new splice site. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants, some of which have been characterized by the presence or absence of an ALU cassette insert and a short or long C-terminal region.^[3]

ADAR2 requires the small molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP₆) for proper function.^[4]

References

^ Mittaz L, Scott HS, Rossier C, Seeburg PH, Higuchi M, Antonarakis SE (Jul 1997). "Cloning of a human RNA editing deaminase (ADARB1) of glutamate receptors that maps to chromosome 21q22.3". Genomics 41 (2): 210–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4655. PMID 9143496.
^ Keegan LP, Leroy A, Sproul D, O'Connell MA (Feb 2004). "Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs): RNA-editing enzymes". Genome Biol 5 (2): 209. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-2-209. PMC 395743. PMID 14759252. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=395743.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: ADARB1 adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1 (RED1 homolog rat)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=104.
^ Macbeth MR, Schubert HL, Vandemark AP, Lingam AT, Hill CP, Bass BL (Sept 2005). "Inositol hexakisphosphate is bound in the ADAR2 core and required for RNA editing". Science 309 (5740): 1534–39. doi:10.1126/science.1113150. PMC 1850959. PMID 16141067. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1850959.

Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, et al. (1997). "HIV-1 envelope gp120 and viral particles block adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26.". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 421: 185–92. PMID 9330696.
Melcher T, Maas S, Herb A, et al. (1996). "A mammalian RNA editing enzyme.". Nature 379 (6564): 460–4. doi:10.1038/379460a0. PMID 8559253.
O'Connell MA, Gerber A, Keller W (1997). "Purification of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) involved in editing of brain glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1): 473–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.1.473. PMID 8995285.
Valenzuela A, Blanco J, Callebaut C, et al. (1997). "Adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 is inhibited by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and viral particles.". J. Immunol. 158 (8): 3721–9. PMID 9103436.
Lai F, Chen CX, Carter KC, Nishikura K (1997). "Editing of glutamate receptor B subunit ion channel RNAs by four alternatively spliced DRADA2 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5): 2413–24. PMC 232090. PMID 9111310. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=232090.
Yang JH, Sklar P, Axel R, Maniatis T (1997). "Purification and characterization of a human RNA adenosine deaminase for glutamate receptor B pre-mRNA editing.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (9): 4354–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4354. PMC 20726. PMID 9113993. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=20726.
Gerber A, O'Connell MA, Keller W (1997). "Two forms of human double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 (hRED1) generated by the insertion of an Alu cassette.". RNA 3 (5): 453–63. PMC 1369496. PMID 9149227. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1369496.
Villard L, Tassone F, Haymowicz M, et al. (1997). "Map location, genomic organization and expression patterns of the human RED1 RNA editase.". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 23 (2): 135–45. doi:10.1007/BF02679972. PMID 9330641.
Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD, et al. (2000). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21.". Nature 405 (6784): 311–9. doi:10.1038/35012518. PMID 10830953.
Blanco J, Valenzuela A, Herrera C, et al. (2000). "The HIV-1 gp120 inhibits the binding of adenosine deaminase to CD26 by a mechanism modulated by CD4 and CXCR4 expression.". FEBS Lett. 477 (1-2): 123–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01751-8. PMID 10899322.
Herrera C, Morimoto C, Blanco J, et al. (2001). "Comodulation of CXCR4 and CD26 in human lymphocytes.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19532–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004586200. PMID 11278278.
Maas S, Patt S, Schrey M, Rich A (2002). "Underediting of glutamate receptor GluR-B mRNA in malignant gliomas.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (25): 14687–92. doi:10.1073/pnas.251531398. PMC 64742. PMID 11717408. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=64742.
Jayan GC, Casey JL (2002). "Increased RNA editing and inhibition of hepatitis delta virus replication by high-level expression of ADAR1 and ADAR2.". J. Virol. 76 (8): 3819–27. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.8.3819-3827.2002. PMC 136091. PMID 11907222. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=136091.
Jaikaran DC, Collins CH, MacMillan AM (2002). "Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (40): 37624–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204126200. PMID 12163487.
Jayan GC, Casey JL (2002). "Inhibition of hepatitis delta virus RNA editing by short inhibitory RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAR1 but not ADAR2 expression.". J. Virol. 76 (23): 12399–404. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.23.12399-12404.2002. PMC 136899. PMID 12414985. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=136899.
Slavov D, Gardiner K (2003). "Phylogenetic comparison of the pre-mRNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2 genes and transcripts: conservation and diversity in editing site sequence and alternative splicing patterns.". Gene 299 (1-2): 83–94. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01016-8. PMID 12459255.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.

PDB gallery

1zy7: Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of an adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA (hADAR2) bound to inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP)

2b7t: Structure of ADAR2 dsRBM1

2b7v: Structure of ADAR2 dsRBM2

ADARB1

References

Further reading