A23187

A23187
Systematic (IUPAC) name
5-(methylamino)-2-({(2R,3R,6S,8S,9R,11R)-3,9,11-trimethyl-8-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-oxo-2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethyl]-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-2-yl}methyl)-1,3-benzoxazole-4-carboxylic acid
Clinical data
Pregnancy cat.  ?
Legal status  ?
Identifiers
CAS number 52665-69-7 Y
ATC code  ?
PubChem CID 11957499
ChemSpider 10131749 Y
ChEMBL CHEMBL1256686 Y
Chemical data
Formula C29H37N3O6 
Mol. mass 523.62 g/mol
 Y(what is this?)  (verify)

A23187 is a mobile ion-carrier that forms stable complexes with divalent cations (ions with a charge of +2). A23187 is also known as Calcimycin, Calcium Ionophore, Antibiotic A23187 and Calcium Ionophore A23187. It is produced at fermentation of Streptomyces Chartreusensis.

Contents

Actions and uses

A23187 has antibiotic properties against gram positive bacteria and fungi. It also acts as a divalent cation ionophore, allowing these ions to cross cell membranes, which are usually impermeable to them.[1] A23187 is most selective for Mn2+, somewhat less selective for Ca2+ and Mg2+, much less selective for Sr2+, and even less selective for Ba2+.[2] The ionophore is used in laboratories to increase intracellular Ca2+ levels in intact cells. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, the process cells use to synthesize Adenosine triphosphate which they use for energy. In addition, A23187 inhibits mitochondrial ATPase activity. A23187 also induces apoptosis in some cells (e.g. mouse lymphoma cell line, or S49, and Jurkat cells) and prevents it in others (e.g. cells dependent on interleukin 3 that have had the factor withdrawn).[3]

Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation (Canada) reported an innovative application of A23187. Inex used A23187 as a molecular tool in order to make artificial liposomes loaded with anti-cancer drugs such as Topotecan.[4]

Biosynthesis

The core siosynthetic enzymes are thought to include 3 proteins for the biosynthesis of the α-ketopyrrole moiety, 5 for modular type I polyketide synthases for the spiroketal ring, 4 for the biosynthesis of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, an N-methyltransferase tailoring enzyme, and a type II thioesterase.[5]

Commercial availability

Commercially, A23187 is available as free acid, Ca2+ salt, and 4-brominated analog.[6]

References

  1. ^ "A23187". Medical Dictionary Online. 2006. http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/A23187.asp?q=A23187. Retrieved 2006-11-01. 
  2. ^ Abbott, Bernard; D S Fukuda, D E Dorman, J L Occolowitz, M Debono, and L Farhner (1979). "Microbial transformation of A23187, a divalent cation ionophore antibiotic". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 16 (6): 808–812. PMC 352958. PMID 119484. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=352958. 
  3. ^ "A23187". http://a23187.4mg.com/. Retrieved 2006-11-01. 
  4. ^ Liposomal Encapsulation of Topotecan Enhances Anticancer Efficacy in Murine and Human Xenograft Models
  5. ^ Wu Q, Liang J, Lin S, Zhou X, Bai L, Deng Z, Wang Z (2011 Mar). "Characterization of the biosynthesis gene cluster for the pyrrole polyether antibiotic calcimycin (A23187) in Streptomyces chartreusis NRRL 3882". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 55 (3): 974–82. PMID 21173184. 
  6. ^ A23187 product page from Fermentek

External links