| 825th Tank Destroyer Battalion | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1942–1945 |
| Country | USA |
| Allegiance | Army |
| Part of | Independent unit |
| Equipment | 3" anti-tank guns |
| Engagements | World War II *Battle of the Bulge |
| Disbanded | 1945 |
The 825th Tank Destroyer Battalion was a tank destroyer battalion of the United States Army active during the Second World War. It was organised as a towed battalion, with 3" anti-tank guns, and initially saw service during the Battle of Normandy as a rear-area security unit. It was sent into combat as part of an ad-hoc task force on 16 December 1944, on the northern flank of the Ardennes Offensive, where it defended crossings across the Amblève river at Malmedy and Stavelot. It returned to security duties at the end of January 1945, and served in rear areas for the remainder of the war.
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The battalion was activated in August 1942, and organised as a "towed" battalion with 3" anti-tank guns in July 1943.[1] It sailed for the United Kingdom in May 1944 aboard the Queen Elizabeth, landed at Utah Beach on 29 July 1944, and was assigned to guarding rear areas of Third Army in the Cotentin Peninsula.[2] After the breakout in August, it continued security duties, but with the start of the Ardennes Offensive in December it was moved to the front and committed to combat.[3]
Elements of the battalion were placed under the command of Task Force Hansen, an ad-hoc force built around the 99th Infantry Battalion and the 526th Armored Infantry Battalion, both independent battalions held in First Army reserve.[4] The 99th was an unusual unit; it was composed mostly of first or second-generation Norwegian-Americans, or Norwegian nationals who had made their way to America after the occupation of Norway.[5] The task force was assigned to defend the town of Malmedy and the downstream crossings over the Amblève river at Stavelot and Trois-Ponts. Through Malmedy and Stavelot roads ran north to Spa, where the First Army headquarters were based along with large supply dumps, whilst through Stavelot and Trois-Ponts roads led westwards towards the Meuse river, a strategic objective of the German advance.[6] A platoon of the 825th, with four 3-inch anti-tank guns, was attached to a company of the 526th and assigned to defend Stavelot, whilst a second platoon accompanied another company of the 526th to block the roads into Malmedy from the south.[7]
The German 1st SS Panzer Division had been assigned to break out to the west towards the Meuse, via Trois-Points, whilst the 12th SS Panzer Division was to push north over the Amblève via Malmedy.[8] The German commanders were unaware of the fuel dumps at Spa, but believed there were fuel supplies in Stavelot, making it a critical target for 1st SS Panzer.[9] The lead units of the division skirted Malmedy on 17 December and pushed towards Stavelot, but fighting in Ligneuville, along the line of march, delayed them and they did not arrive at the town until nightfall. At this point, the town was almost entirely undefended; it contained a small squad of engineers, who had laid a minefield near the bridge. However, it was filled with traffic moving westwards from the supply dumps, and this gave the impression of a strong force being present; when three German tanks probed towards the bridge and encountered the minefield, they pulled back in the belief the town was heavily defended.[10]
The 825th and the infantry they were supporting arrived that night, and took up positions around dawn on the 18th. The force was split, with half on the south bank of the river and half on the north, but the southern force was quickly overrun; the infantry retreated across the bridge, leaving two three-inch guns behind.[11] During the attack into the town, a gun from the 825th engaged a Tiger II heavy tank of SS Heavy Panzer Battalion 101; the shell hit the turret and did little damage, but caused the vehicle to reverse into a building in an attempt to escape. The building collapsed, trapping the tank underneath the rubble and putting it out of action.[12] The force in the town held off the attack for several hours, but eventually, around midday, was forced to retreat towards Malmedy.[13] The German force pushed through Stavelot and advanced towards Trois-Ponts; in the belief that an infantry division was following closely behind them, they left only a light guard in the town. It was attacked that evening by elements of the 30th Infantry Division, and after fighting through the night and into the next morning, was securely in American hands.[14]
On 21 December, elements of the battalion were engaged outside Malmedy, when a German force from Panzer Brigade 150 using captured American vehicles attempted to break towards the town; three tanks, two M4 Shermans and a Panzer IV, were destroyed and a number of prisoners taken. This appears to have been the last action fought by the 825th as part of Task Force Hansen.[15] Around this point, twelve men were detached to guard a signal station which linked 12th Army Group to the forces in the Ardennes. After several days operation near the enemy lines, the station was attacked and shut down on 24 December; the detachment of the 825th covered the retreat of the signallers with their equipment, successfully falling back to their own lines.[16]
From 12 to 16 January 1945, Company A of the 825th was attached to 30th Infantry Division.[17] Following this, the battalion was withdrawn from combat and assigned to rear-area security duties.[18] Whilst in the rear area, it was re-equipped with M10 GMC tank destroyers.[19]
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